Dirac’s Magnetic Monopole And The Energy Density Of The Universe From Dark Matter With Dark Energy

Discussion in 'A Cosmology of Initial Boundary Conditions' started by admin, Nov 6, 2021.

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    VIII: A Revision of the Friedmann Cosmology, Emergent Gravity and Dark Energy as entangled Quantum Information in a Hypermass Multiverse

    It is well known that the Radius of Curvature in the Field Equations of General Relativity relates to the Energy-Mass Tensor in the form of the critical density ρcritical = 3Ho2/8πG and the Hubble Constant Ho as the square of frequency or alternatively as the time differential of frequency df/dt as a cosmically applicable angular acceleration independent on the radial displacement.

    The scientific nomenclature (language) then describes this curved space in differential equations relating the positions of the 'points' in both space and time in a 4-dimensional description called Riemann Tensor Space or similar.
    This then leads mathematically to the formulation of General Relativity in Einstein's field Equations:

    ein1.

    for the Einstein-Riemann tensor

    ein2. ​

    and is built upon ten so-called nonlinear coupled hyperbolic-elliptic partial differential equations, which are mathematically rather complex and often cannot be solved analytically without simplifying the geometries of the parametric constituents (say objects interacting in so called tensor-fields of stress-energy {Tμν} and curvatures in the Riemann-Einstein tensor {Gμν}, either changing the volume in reduction of the Ricci tensor {Rij} with scalar curvature R as {Rgμν} for the metric tensor {gμν} or keeping the volume of considered space invariant to volume change in a Tidal Weyl tensor {Rμν}).

    The Einstein-Riemann tensor then relates Curvature Radius R to the Energy-Mass tensor E = Mc2 via the critical density as 8πG/c4 = 3Ho2VcriticalMcritical.c2/Mcritical.c4= 3Ho2Vcritical/c2 = 3Vcritical/R2 as Curvature Radius R by the Hubble Law applicable say to a nodal Hubble Constant Ho = c/RHubble

    The cosmological field equations then can be expressed as the square of the nodal Hubble Constant and inclusive of a 'dark energy' terms often identified with the Cosmological Constant of Albert Einstein, here denoted ΛEinstein.

    Substituting the Einstein Lambda with the time differential for the square of nodal Hubble frequency as the angular acceleration acting on a quantized volume of space; however, naturally, and universally replaces the enigma of the 'dark energy' with a space inherent angular acceleration component, which can be identified as the 'universal consciousness quantum' directly from the standard cosmology itself.

    The field equations so can be generalised in a parametrization of the Hubble Constant assuming a cyclic form, oscillating between a minimum and maximum value given by Ho=dn/dt for cycle time n=Hot and where then time t is the 4-vector time-space of Minkowski light-path x=ct.

    The Einstein Lambda then becomes then the energy-acceleration difference between the baryonic mass content of the universe and an inherent mass energy related to the initial condition of the oscillation parameters for the nodal Hubble Constant.

    ΛEinstein=GoMo/R(n)2 - 2cHo/(n+1)3 = Cosmological Acceleration - Intrinsic Universal Milgröm Deceleration

    As gμνΛ = 8πG/c4 Tμν - Gμν for Gμν = 8πG/c4 Tμν - gμνΛ, a negative integrated L = 0 can appear as the energy-stress tensor 8πG/c4 Tμν always being greater than the curvature tensor Gμν and restated in a mass independent form for an encompassment of the curvature fine structures.

    The Friedmann equations for the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker FRW model for the field equations of General Relativity relate the dark energy pressure P to the matter density r(t) as an integrated part of a Lambda Cold Dark Matter LCDM model for the multidimensional cosmology for a flat Minkowski universe, albeit as an effect of the collocal interaction of a positively curved de Sitter dS universe with a negatively curved Anti de Sitter AdS universe.

    The gμνΛ = 8πG/c4 Tμν - Gμν cosmological constant-quintessence tensor becomes integrated as the difference between the Energy-Stress tensor 8πG/c4 Tμν and the curvature Einstein-Riemann tensor Gμν with negative pressure P(n,t) describing the matter density r(n,t) as a change in the time rate change of the Hubble parameter dH(n,t)/dt and therefore the change in the intrinsic Milgröm deceleration as a function of the nodal Hubble parameter.

    Pressure P(n,t) as an energy per unit volume Mc2/R3 with derivative P'(n,t) are always negative and increase as a function of the dark energy defined as an Einstein quintessence L(n) towards its w=0 value for a matter dominated universe and can therefore be considered integrated as P < rc2 as P = wrc2 ∀ w<0


    dP(n,t)/dt = P’(n,t) = {2c2Ho3/4pGo}{[T(n) – (2n+1)2]/T(n)3} – {3(n+1)2/n4}{Moc2Ho/RH3} < 0 ∀ n,nps >0

    P’(n,t) = {-2c2Ho3/4pGo}{[3n2+3n+1]/T(n)3} – {3(n+1)2/n4}{Moc2Ho/RH3}

    {6pGoMo/c2RH}=3pWo = 0.264176..> {nT[n]-n[2n+1]2}/[n+1]5 = -[3n3+3n2+n]/[n+1]5 < 0 ∀ n,nps >0



    The derivative of the integrated pressure is defined in a maximum where the matter density Moc2/R(n)3 is equal to a polynomial function native to the integrated pressure
    in L’P(n) = n(2n+1)/[n+1]5.


    Einstein Quintessence Integrated Dark Energy Pressure

    Deceleration parameter

    q(n) = -{(d2a/dt2)(a}/(da/dt)2 for scale factor a = R(n,t)/RH


    Hubble Parameter

    H(n,t) = (da/dt)/a with H(n=Hot) = {c/[n+1]2}/{nRH/[n+1]} = Ho/(n[n+1]) = Ho/T(n)
    dH(n,t)/dt = {(d2a/dt2)/a – (da/dt)2}/a2 = -q(n){(da/dt)/a}2 - H(n,t)2 = -H(n,t)2{1+q(n,t)}
    dH/dt = -Ho2/(n2[n+1]2){1 + (2cHo/[n+1]3)(nRH/[n+1])([n+1]4/c2)} = -Ho2/(n2[n+1]2){1 +(2cnHoRH/c2)}
    dH(n=Hot)/dn = -{Ho/T(n)}2{1+2n} for q(t) = -(dH/dt)/H(t)2 - 1 = 1+2n-1 = 2n for dS expanding within AdS

    The AdS expansion has scale factor a = nRH/RH = n with invariant recession velocity c and 0 acceleration and is a function of n=Hot limited in the Particle Hubble event horizon RP(n) = T(n)RH = n(n+1)RH.

    As the deceleration parameter will be q=2 for n=1 for the nodal Hubble boundary Ho for the dS-AdS spacetime mirror for the EMMI Lightpath a product qAdS.qdS = 2n(1/2n – 1) = 1 – 2n with a superposed deceleration parameter qdS for the cyclic cosmology of the EMR Lightpath initializes the dark energy onset for n=½ to give the deceleration parameter product a zero value in qAdS.qdS = 1 – 2(½) = 0.
    This then defines qdS(n) = 1/2n – 1 generally and qdS = -½ for qAdS = 2 for the nodal Hubble bound n=1

    For a present cycle time coordinate n=1.1327127.. qAdS = 2.26542 and qdS = -0.5586, the qdS value being measured by astrophysical experiments.

    Dark energy initiation for n=½ then occurs for qAdS = 1 with qdS =1/1 – 1 = 0

    This stipulates a Hubble time (1.132712 - ½)/Ho = 0.632712/Ho = 10.677 billion years ago for the open AdS spacetime and a Hubble time (0.867288 - ½)/Ho = 0.367288/Ho = 6.198 billion years ago for the closed and compressed dS spacetime. The cosmological relativistic Doppler redshift is zDE=0.6124 for a Cosmic radiation background temperature of 4.254 K*.

    The compressed dS spacetime is spherically closed and embedded within a spherical dark matter inclusive AdS spacetime. The Riemann hypersphere as a 3-dimensional surface derivative of a 3-sphere of volume V4(R) = ½p2R4 in dV4/dR = 2p2R3 geometrically encompasses both interacting spacetimes in the horn torus topology coordinate shifted between the three frequency mirror intervals [-1,0] intersecting [-½,+½] intersecting [0,1].

    These cosmic mirror-shifted Hubble horizons for the Light Energy universe and the Dark Energy shadow universe are then defined in an overall encompassing closed spherical universe defined by the Particle horizon of the expanding omniverse.


    omni. ​

    lambdapressure. ​


    Energy Conservation and Continuity

    dE + PdV = TdS =0 (First Law of Thermodynamics) for a cosmic fluid and scaled Radius R=a.Ro; dR/dt = da/dt.Ro and d2R/dt2 = d2a/dt2.Ro
    dV/dt = {dV/dR}.{dR/dt} = 4πa2Ro3.{da/dt}
    dE/dt = d(mc2)/dt = c2.d{ρV}/dt = (4πRo3.c2/3){a3.dρ/dt + 3a2ρ.da/dt}

    dE + PdV = (4πRo3.a2){ρc2.da/dt + [ac2/3].dρ/dt + P.da/dt} = 0 for the cosmic fluid energy pressure continuity equation:

    dρ/dt = -3{(da/dt)/a.{ρ + P/c2}} .................................[Eq.VII-1]


    The independent Einstein Field Equations of the Robertson-Walker metric reduce to the Friedmann equations:

    H2 = {(da/dt)/a}2 = 8πGρ/3 - kc2/a2 + Λ/3..............[Eq.VII-2]
    {(d2a/dt2)/a} = -4πG/3{ρ+ 3P/c2} + Λ/3 ....................[Eq.VII-3]


    for scale radius a=R/Ro; Hubble parameter H = {da/dt)/a}; Gravitational Constant G. Density ρ; Curvature k ; light speed c and Cosmological Constant Λ.
    Differentiating [Eq.VII-2] and substituting [Eq.VII-1] with [Eq.VII-2] gives [Eq.VII-3]
    {2(da/dt).(d2a/dt2).a2 - 2a.(da/dt).(da/dt)2}/a4 = 8πG.(dρ/dt)/3 + 2kc2.(da/dt)/a3 + 0
    = (8πG/3){-3{(da/dt)/a.{ρ + P/c2}} + 2kc2.(da/dt)/a3 + 0

    (2(da/dt)/a).{(d2a/dt2).a - (da/dt)2}/a2
    = (8πG/3){-3(da/dt)/a}.{ρ + P/c2} + 2{(da/dt)/a}.(kc2/a2) + 0
    2{(da/dt)/a}.{(d2a/dt2).a - (da/dt)2}/a2
    = 2{(da/dt)/a}{-4πG.{ρ + P/c2} + (kc2/a2)} + 0 with kc2/a2 = 8πGρ/3 + Λ/3 - {(da/dt)/a}2

    d{H2}/dt = 2H.dH/dt = 2{(da/dt)/a}.dH/dt dH/dt = {[d2a/dt2]/a - H2}
    = {-4πG.(ρ+ P/c2) + 8πGρ/3 + Λ/3 -H2} = -4πG/3(ρ + 3P/c2) + Λ/3 - H2
    = -4πG/3(ρ + 3P/c2) + Λ/3 - 8πGρ/3 + kc2/a2 - Λ/3} = -4πG(ρ + P/c2) + kc2/a2

    dH/dt = -4πG{ρ+P/c2} as the Time derivative for the Hubble parameter H for flat Minkowski space-time with curvature k=0 and with a cancelling integrated cosmological constant Λ/3 in derivative dH/dt

    {(d2a/dt2).a - (da/dt)2}/a2 = -4πG{ρ+ P/c2} + (kc2/a2)
    for (kc2/a2) = 8πGρ/3 - H2 + Λ/3 = 0 for integrated Λ/3 = 0 and ρcritical


    For a scale factor a=n/[n+1] = {1-1/[n+1]} = 1/{1+1/n}

    dH/dt + 4πGρ = - 4πGP/c2 .... (for V4/10D=[4π/3]RH3 and V5/11D=2π2RH3 in factor 3π/2)


    Scale factor modulation at Nk={[n-∑∏nk-1]/Πnk } for R(n)dS = ½R(n)AdS for n=1, k=0
    {dH/dt} = d{Ho/T(n)}/dt = - Ho2(2n+1)/T(n)2 for k=0 and n-1=0 and no=1

    dH/dt + 4πGρ = - 4πGP/c2 for integrated Pressure P(t) = -c2{(dH/dt)/4pG + r (t)}
    Gor = GoMo/R(n)3 = -GoP/c2 – (dH/dt)/4p = L(n)/R(n) + 2cHo/R(n)[n+1]3 for Volume VdS = 4pR(n)3/3

    -P(t) = {c2/Go}{L(n)/R(n) + 2cHo/R(n)[n+1]3 + (dH/dt)/4p}
    = {c2/Go}{L(n)[n+1]/nRH + 2Ho2/n[n+1]2 – Ho2(2n+1)/4pT(n)2} P(n=Hot) ={c2Ho2/4pGoT(n)2}{2n+1-8pn+8pn} – Moc2/R(n)3= c2Ho2(2n+1)/4pGoT(n)2} - Moc2/R(n)3

    P(n=Hot) = c2Ho2(2n+1)/{4pGoT(n)2} - Moc2/R(n)3 for the spherical VdS = 4pR(n)3/3
    P(n=Hot) = c2Ho2(2n+1)/{6p2GoT(n)2} - Moc2/R(n)3 for the hyper-spherical VdS = 2p2R(n)3

    P(n,t) < 0 for an integrated Pressure coordinate maximum for the interval [nps---0] for [-3x10134---]
    Moc2/R(n)3 = c2Ho2(2n+1)/{4pGoT(n)2} for RH/2pRsarkar = MH/2pMo = [n+1]5/[2n2+n] = 1/LP(n)

    for 2pWo = 0.176117… = LP(n) = [2n2+ n]/[n+1]5 = n[2n+1]/[n+1]5 for Volume VdS = 4pR(n)3/3
    for 3p2Wo = 0.829935… = LP(n) = [2n2+ n]/[n+1]5 = n[2n+1]/[n+1]5 for Volume VdS = 2p2R(n)3

    P(n=nps) = -3x10134 for LP(n) = nps = lps/RH = 2prps/RH = 6.2590935x10-49 for k=1 universe reset rpsYn = RH for cycle reset coordinate nreset = ln(RH/rps)/lnY = ln(2p/nps)/0.48121146 = 234.4715

    P(n=nps) = -3x10134 [J/m3]* for LP(n) = nps = 6.2591x10-49
    P(nLo=0.1083) = -2.3761x10-8 [J/m3]* for L'P(n) = 0.078793
    P(nLPmax=0.40825) = -3.939x10-9 [J/m3]* for L'P(n)=0.13389451796
    with 2pWo = 2pMo/MH = 4pGoMo/c2RH
    P(nDE=½) = -2.7264x10-10 [J/m3]* for L'P(n) = 0.13168724…
    P(nHo=1) = -1.4976x10-10 [J/m3]* for L'P(n) = 0.0937500
    P(n=1.132712) = -1.4004x10-10 [J/m3]* for L'P(n) = 0.0938113…
    P(n=234.4715) = -4.0541x10-11 [J/m3]* for L'P(n) = 1.5221x10-7



    For L'P = 0 the integrated negative pressure maximum coordinate for Moc2/R(n)3 = L'P(n)=0.40825 for the derivative of L'P(n)=(2n2+n)/[n+1]5 = 0.13389451796 for d{L'P(n)}/dn = 0 for L”P(n) = (4n+1)/[n+1]5 - 5n(2n+1)/[n+1]6 = 0 for n=1/√6 = 0.40825

    Showing that the Pressure P would be 0 for this coordinate were it not integrated in the Lambda tensor
    L(0.40825)(R(0.40825) = (41.04504)GoMo/RH3 – (2.47027)Ho2 = (2.0282 – 8.70985)x10-36 [1/s2]* for a negative Einstein quintessence of -6.68165x10-36 [1/s2]* or L(0.40825)={9.3941–40.3402}x10-11 = -3.0946x10-10 [ms-2]*
    → P(n,t) = c2Ho2(1.8165)/{4pGo(0.33053)} - Moc2/R(n)3 = (1.2490–1.6429)x10-9
    = -3.939x10-9 [J/m3]* for the spherical VdS = 4pR(n)3/3 [N/m2]* as the Lambda integrated pressure at 6.891 billion years after the QBBS as P(n=0.40825) to define a maximum 2pWo=2pMo/MH in the baryon matter seedling with P’(0.40825) = -2.3844x10-26 [J/m3s]*

    For L(n=nps=|lps/RH|mod) = GoMo/lps2 = 2.015x1085 [m/s2]* and nps=lps/RH as min-max scale boundaries

    → P(n,t) = MHfps2/RH{1/2p – Wo/nps} = 3.645x1087{1/2p - 4.478x1046 [N/m2]* O{-1.63x10134} < 0
    for a spherical VdS= 4pR(nps)3/3 = 4.18879x10-66 [m3]* for a boundary and initiation redshift z~2x1024 of the instanton-inflaton QBBS with
    → dP(n,t)/dt = P’(n,t) = {-2c5/4pGolps3} – {3Moc3/lps4}
    = {-fps3}{3Mo/lps + c2/2pGo} = {-fps3}{5.44x1073 – 1.29x1026} <0 for O(-1.47x10165) [J/m3s]*

    For L = 0 the onset of the Einstein quintessence changing from positive to negative for n=0.10823

    L(n0)(R(n0) = (1073.61)GoMo/RH3 – (84.56)Ho2 = (5.3053 – 5.3053)x10-35 [1/s2]* for a negative Einstein quintessence of 0 [1/s2]*
    for L(n0) = {8.2774 - 8.2774x}10-10 = 0 [ms-2]*
    → P(n,t) = c2Ho2(1.21646)/{4pGo(0.01439)} - Moc2/R(n)3 = (1.9212–4.2973)x10-8 = -2.3761x10-8 [N/m2]* for the spherical VdS = 4pR(n)3/3 [N/m2]*
    → P’(n,t) = -2.6908x10-24 [J/m3s]*


    For the onset of dark energy for deceleration parameter product qAdS.qdS = 2(½)(1/1-1) = 0 for n=½

    L(nDE)/(R(nDE) = (27)GoMo/RH3 – (16/9)Ho2 = (1.3342 – 6.2680)x10-36 [1/s2]* for a negative Einstein quintessence of -4.9339x10-36 [1/s2]*
    for L(nDE) = -2.6276x10-10 [ms-2]*
    → P(n,t) = c2Ho2(2)/{4pGo(9/16)} - Moc2/R(n)3 = (8.0807–10.8071)x10-10 = -2.7264x10-10 [N/m2]* for the spherical VdS = 4pR(n)3/3 [N/m2]*
    → P’(n,t) = -1.4692x10-26 [J/m3s]*

    For the completion of the AdS Lightpath at the 1st odd Hubble node Ho = c/RH for n=1

    L(1)/(R(1) = (8)GoMo/RH3 – (8/9)Ho2 = (1.3342 – 3.1341)x10-36 [1/s2]* for a negative Einstein quintessence of -1.8000x10-36 [1/s2]*
    for L(1) = -1.4378x10-10 [ms-2]*
    → P(n,t) = c2Ho2(3)/{4pGo(4)} - Moc2/R(n)3 = (1.7045–3.2021)x10-10 = -1.4976x10-10 [N/m2]* for the spherical VdS = 4pR(n)3/3 [N/m2]*
    → P’(n,t) = -1.6486x10-27 [J/m3s]*


    For the present time n=1.132712

    L(npresent)/(R(npresent) = GoMo/RH3(n/[n+1])3 – 2nHo2/T(n)2 = (3.2984 – 13.686)x10-37 [1/s2]* for a negative Einstein quintessence of -1.08387x10-36 [1/s2]*
    for L(npresent) = -8.8143x10-11 [ms-2]*
    → P(n,t) = c2Ho2(3.2654)/{4pGo(5.8358)} - Moc2/R(n)3 = (1.2713–2.6717)x10-10 = -1.4004x10-10 [J/m3]* for the spherical VdS = 4pR(n)3/3 [N/m2]*
    → P’(n,t) = -1.1223x10-27 [J/m3s]*


    For the quantum tunneling of the asymptotic protoverse into the first universe for n=234.4715

    L(nquantumtunnel)/(R(nquantumtunnel) = GoMo/RH3(n/[n+1])3 – 2nHo2/T(n)2 = 5.0051x10-38–5.4241x10-43 = O(5x10-38) [1/s2]* for a positive Einstein quintessence of 5.0051x10-38 [1/s2]*
    for L(nquantumtunnel) = 7.9624x10-12 [ms-2]*
    → P(n,t) = c2Ho2(469.943)/{4pGo(3.0483x109)} - Moc2/R(n)3 = (3.5037x10-17– 4.0541x10-11) = -4.0541x10-11 [N/m2]* for the spherical VdS = 4pR(n)3/3 [N/m2]*
    → P’(n,t) = -4.1371x10-33 [J/m3s]*



    Baryon Matter, Dark Matter and Dark Energy distribution in WBM + WDM + WDE = 1 = Wof(n) + WDE
    WDE < 0 for n<nDE=0 and WDE = 0 for n=nDE=0 and WDE > 0 for n>nDE=0

    The density ratio rBMUDM/rcritical = MoYnRH3/MHRH3(n/[n+1])3 = WoYn{1+1/n}3 = Wof(n) = WBM{1+1/n}3
    rBMUDM/rcritical + WDE = 1 = Wof(n) + WDE = WBM{1+1/n}3 + WDE
    For WDM = WBM{(1 + 1/n)3 – 1} = Wo(1.618033)1.132712{5.67480} = {0.048344}{5.67480} = 0.274344 and WDE = 1 – WDM – WBM = 1 - WBM{(1+1/n)3} = 1 – 0.048344{ 6.67480} = 0.677313 for the present time WBM = 0.048344 with WDM = 0.274344 with WDE = 0.677313
    For n<nDE=0 the quintessential DE fraction is negative and subtracted from the Dark Matter fraction.

    The Dark Energy DE onset as a correlation between the scale factors a(n=½) = R(n,t)/RH = n/[n+1] = ⅓
    and a(n=1) = R(n,t)/RH = n/[n+1] = ½ then synchronizes the intersection interval between the closed compressed dS spacetime and the uncompressed open AdS spacetime in the intersecting twinned universe in the interval [-½|0|+½] as imaged half cycles as a full cycle [0+nps,+1] imaged in [-1, 0-nps].

    For the DE to be 0 the density ratio rBMUDM/rcritical = 1 describing the Sarkar mass seedling Mo to increase quintessentially by the BM-DM intersection, saturated at n=√2 for constant WBM to the closure value MH as Wo=1.

    WoYn{1+1/n}3 = 1 for root ni+1 = ni – f(ni)/f’(ni) by a Newton-Raphson approximation for f(n) = Woexp[nlnY]{1+1/n}3 – 1 = 0 and f’(n) = Woexp[nlnY]{1+1/n}2}(lnY[1+1/n]-3/n2)
    For n1=½; n2 = ½ - f(½)/f’(½) = ½-(27WoY½-1)/(9 WoY½{3lnY-12} = ½-(-0.037323)/(-3.387457) = 0.488982 converging to nDE=0 = 0.489365… = ½ - 0.010635 and as Dn/Ho =DnRH/c = Dt = 179.48 million years as the quantum extremal surface wall for the Page Time in the resolution of the Hawking Information Paradox and as the transition period from the onset of the dark energy 8.258 billion years from the QBBS to 8.438 billion years as the scale factor a(1)=R(n)/RH=½.
    This synchronizes the nodal Ho=c/RH frequency with the halfway marker for the AdS Lightpath nRH/RH=½ meeting the dS Lightpath in the inflaton reversed and nodal mirror EMMR reflection.

    BHparadox. ​

    For n=nps the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (2.803+97.197) in (1.14-1.14)x10145
    For n=0.014015 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (2.822+97.178) in (1.06-1.06)x106
    For n=0.02803 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (2.841+140,158.774-140,061.615)
    For n=0.10823 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (2.953+3167.261-3070.214)
    For n=0.2389 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (3.144+435.397-338.541)

    For n=0.489365 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (3.547+96.453+0)
    For n=0.49 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (3.548+96.211+0.241)

    For n=½ the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (3.565+92.703+3.732)

    For n=1 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE= (4.535+31.748+63.717)
    For n=1.132712 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (4.834+27.434+67.732)
    For n=√2 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (5.536+22.004+72.460)

    For n=2 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (5.536+3.924+90.540)
    For n=234.4715 the mass-energy % distribution Wo = WBM+WDM+WDE = (5.536+0.071+94.393)

    As GoMo=G(n)XnM(n)Yn=constant with WoYn=WBM GoXn.YnWo = G(n)WBM for 2pWo- LPmax(n=0.40825)
    1 + 2pWo – L’|max = G(nmeasured)/GoXn + d = WoGmYn/WBMG(n) + d for a measured Gm = G(nmeasured)

    1+0.176117-0.1338945 + d = 1.0422225 + d = {0.02803Yn/0.04834}Yn{Gm)/G(n) = 1.00009{Gm/6.442195x10-11} for a monopole derived delta d = 1.0422225 – 1.035428 = 0.006794
    Gm= 6.4416152x10-11 {1.042225 + d} =6.6698x10-11[m3/kg.s2]* and 6.67443x10-11 [m3/kg.s2]SI

    The Dark Energy and the 'Cosmological Constant' exhibiting the nature of an intrinsic negative pressure in the cosmology became defined in the overall critical deceleration and density parameters.
    The pressure term in the Friedmann equations being a quintessence of function n and changing sign from positive to negative to positive as indicated.
    The energy density Moc2/R(n)3 as the energy-stress tensor always exceeds Pressure P(n,t) and its derivative dP(n,t)/dt.
    The encompassing cosmology so is always matter dominated in the sense of the overall energy distribution and the asymptotic zero approach of the integrated negative pressure quintessence.


    Critical Density rc = 3Ho2/8pGo dS with rc = Ho2/4p2Go AdS in factor 3p/2

    for H(n)2 = {da/dt}2/a2 = {c2/[n+1]4}/{n2RH2/[n+1]2} = Ho2/n2[n+1]2 = Ho2/T(n)2
    for {da/dt}2 = 8pGorca2/3 dS and {da/dt}2 = 4p2Gorca2 AdS for spherical closure dS in omnispace as a function of the Particle Hubble event horizon of the nodal cosmology for critical density rcritical and curvature radius Rcurv = 2GoMH/c2 and scale factor a(n,t)=R(n,t)/RH

    ∫da/a = ∫√{8pGorc/3}dt dS and ∫da/a = ∫√{4p2Gorc} dt AdS
    for ln{a} = √{8pGorc/3}t dS and ln{a} = √{4p2Gorc}t AdS

    for a(t) = exp[√{8pGorc/3}t] = exp[Ho] dS and a(t) = exp[√{4p2Gorc}t] = exp[Ho] AdS

    This correlates with a generalised density r(n=Hot) varying cosmology, often modelled as a flat matter only de Sitter universe with scale factor
    a(n,t) = R(n)/RH = R(n)Ho/c ∝ t⅔

    H(n) = {(dR(t)/dt)/RH}/{R(t)/RH} = √{8pGor(n,t)/3} = √{8pGo(M(n,t)/3R(n,t)3} dS and
    H(n) = {(dR(t)/dt)/RH}/{R(t)/RH} = √{4p2Gor(n,t)} = √{4p2Go(M(n,t)/R(n,t)3} AdS
    For √R(t).dR(t) = √{8pGo(M(n,t)/3}.dt dS and √R(t).dR(t) = √{4p2Go(M(n,t)}.dt AdS
    For ⅔R(t)1.5 = √{8pGo(M(n,t)/3}t and R(t) = ∛{6pGo(M(n,t)} t⅔ dS and for ⅔R(t)1.5 = √{4p2Go(M(n,t)}t and R(t) = ∛{9p2Go(M(n,t)} t⅔ AdS within the closed dS omniverse

    For AdS encompassing the cyclic dS protoverse as a multiverse as a closed dS spacetime, the scale factor is a=n=Hot for dn/dt=Ho for the Particle Horizon and closure n=1 for M(n,t)=MH=Rcurvc2/2Go with
    nRH=R(n,t) = ∛{6pGo(M(n,t)} [n/Ho]⅔ dS for nRH3 = {6pGo(M(n,t)/Ho2} = 9M(n,t)/4rc and n = 9M(n,t)/4rcRH3 = {9M(n,t)/4RH3}{4pRH3/3MH} = 3p{Rcurv/RH} = 3p for M(n,t) = MH and n=1

    For the dS omniverse encompassing the cyclic dS protoverse as a multiverse as AdS spacetime in the topology of a horn torus, the scale factor is a=n=Hot for dn/dt=Ho for the Particle Horizon and closure n=1 for M(n,t)=MH=Rcurvc2/2Go with
    nRH=R(n,t) = ∛{9p2Go(M(n,t)} [n/Ho]⅔ dS for nRH3 = {9p2Go(M(n,t)/Ho2} = 9M(n,t)/4rc and n = 9M(n,t)/4rcRH3 = {9M(n,t)/4RH3}{2p2RH3/MH} = 9p2/2 for M(n,t) = MH and cycle n=1

    The time for closure so becomes about one third the Hubble time 1/Ho = RH/c in t2 = RH3/6pGoMH = RH/3pHo2Rcurv = 1/3pHo2 for a time t=1.73473x1017 s* or n=0.32573 or 5.4971 Gy, when R(t=n/Ho) = 3.9253x1025 m* = 0.2457RH

    For a present measured deceleration parameter qdS=-0.5586, the DE Lambda as the negative Einstein quintessence calculates as -8.8143x10-11 [m/s2]*or as 1.0388x10-36 [s-2]* and as a negative pressure of -1.4004x10-10 [N/m2=J/m3]* as a function of the native universal Milgröm deceleration
    amil = -2Ho2RH/[n+1]3 = -1.1614x10-10 [m/s2]*.

    The Einstein Lambda then becomes the energy-acceleration difference between the baryonic mass content of the universe and an inherent mass energy related to the initial condition of the oscillation parameters for the nodal Hubble Constant.

    For W(n) = M(n)/MH = 2qo = 1 = R(n)/RH the AdS cosmology attains closure for a cycle coordinate n=1 in the EMMR Lightpath and a time, when the dS gravitationally retarded universe has reached the halfway point in its asymptotically defined expansion in scale factor R(n,t)/RH = n/[n+1] = a(n,t) in a recessional velocity of the expanding dS wave front slower than the speed of light.

    The dS compressed universe has reached the halfway marker for the onset of the dark energy at a cycle time coordinate of n=1 and when the AdS dark matter inclusive universe has reached the nodal Hubble event horizon as the boundary for the multidimensional cosmology as set in the superluminal Lightpath of the QBBS superimposed onto the parallel evolution of the dS and AdS spacetimes expansion.

    The extent of the EMMR Lightpath in AdS so encompasses a full nodal displacement in the interval [nps~0,1] which is phase shifted as the interval [-½,+½] to mirror the invariance of the EMR Lightpath relative to the gravitationally retarded EMR Lightpath in the cycle coordinate n=½ as a proxy nodal mirror for the true Hubble node at n=1.

    The ‘return’ of the reflected EMMR Lightpath from the true Hubble event horizon so is made manifest as the EMR Lightpath at the proxy Hubble node at the DE n-cycle coordinate n=½ and for which the deceleration parameter product is zero for qAdS = 2n = 1 and qdS =1/qAdS – 1 = 0.

    The actual curvature radius for n=½ for the dS cosmology is R(½) =½.⅔RH = ⅓RH to indicate that the dark matter portion for the compressed spacetime will be 1/23–1/33 = 1/8 – 1/27 = 19/108 = 0.0880 = 1/11.36 in terms of the volume occupied.

    For n=1, the dark matter sector so will be doubled to 0.1759 = 1/5.6842 for the ratio between the dS sector without the dark matter and the AdS sector with the dark matter with 1/6.6842 + 5.6842/6.6842 = 1 or as so 15% BM and 85% DM as the total matter content of the universe.

    The distribution for the present scale factor of 0.53RH gives WBM = WoY1.132712 = 0.04834 and with npresent WDM = Wo{1 + 1/n}3 = 0.2743 as 4.834/32.262 = 14.98% and 27.43/32.262 = 85.02%.

    The difference between the AdS curvature radius for n=1 superposed onto the dS curvature radius for n=1 and the actual dS curvature radius for n=½ then is (½-⅓)RH = ⅙RH for a ratio of ½RH/⅓RH = 3/2

    The density parameter W = R(n)/RH = 1 so triggers the second universe from the lightspeed invariant AdS completion of the Lightpath in the AdS cosmology with the Dark Energy manifesting in potential energy vortices of wormholes defined in the inflaton hyperspace cosmology and superpositioned as the phase shift of the [nps,1] interval in the interval [-½,+½] as the dark energy onset.

    This defines the Dark Energy onset for the difference between the AdS EMMI ct=nRH Lightpath and the dS EMR expansion R(n)=nRH/[n+1] as RH{n – n/[n+1]} = RH{(T(n)-n)/[n+1]} = n2RH/[n+1] = ⅙RH for n=½

    This difference is trivially 0 for the QBBS and n=0~nps and is 0 for the intersection coordinate for the stasis of the dark matter part with the baryonic matter part of the energy density for the cyclic return of the EMMI Lightpath ct=RH{2-n} > RH with {2-n}=n/[n+1] or 2-n2 = 0 for nBMUDM = √2

    For n=1 and the nodal Hubble event horizon the AdS-dS difference n2RH/[n+1] = ½RH for=n/[n+1]



    The Universal Temperature Evolution in light paths EMI and EMMI
    temp1. temp2. temp3. temp4. temp5. temp6. temp7. temp8. temp9. temp10. temp11. temp12. temp13. temp14. temp15.

    solarsystem.

    oort-cloud-nasa.


    multiverseom.
    ​
    The Multiverse and the Evolution of Mass in Hypermass

    This evolution of mass as a fundamental cosmological parameter relates to the 'missing' mass in the Mo/MH = 0.02803... ratio say as the Omega of the deceleration parameter qo=½Wo in the Friedmann cosmology.

    Considering a time evolution of a rest mass seedling Mo towards a Black Hole closure mass MH in the form of 'massless eternal Strominger branes' will crystallize the existence of a multiverse as a function of the wormhole radius rps expanding in higher dimensional brane spacetime until the Hubble radius RH is reached in a time of about 4 trillion years.

    A formula to describe this is: nlnY=ln(RH/rps) or equivalently nlnY=ln(MH/Mcurvature) for the quantum gravitational transformation of the Planck mass into the curvature mass of 6445.775... kg* as the minimum mass a Black Hole can have in the quantum relativistic cosmology.

    When a Strominger eternal (there is no Hawking radiation) black hole has reached its macro state from its microstate, say after 234.47 cycles in a protoverse, then the entire old universe will quantum tunnel into a new universe which was born as a multiverse at the completion of the first cycle for n=1 and when a second inflaton holographically repeated the cosmogenesis parallel in time but not in space to ensure the eternal continuity for the first universe created as a protoverse.

    The quantum tunneling wall so is an interval of time defined in nps and not any boundary in space.



    The Hubble Event Horizon RHEH = REH = nRH so manifests the AdS spacetime of the EMMR refractive Lightpath and the nodal Hubble minimum RH forms the upper boundary for the cyclic dS spacetime in the reflective EMR Lightpath of the lower dimensional cosmology lower bounded by the wormhole QBBS frequency fps=1/fss and coupled in lightspeed invariance as lps.fps = c = RH.Ho.

    The mass evolution of baryon seedling Mo so is described in both a cyclic and spheroidal-positively curved de Sitter spacetime and in a continuous and hyperbolic-negatively curved Anti de Sitter spacetime in the EMMR and EMR Lightpath respectively.

    The hypermass form of the mass seedling Mo as a Strominger brane requires 234.47 RH-cycles to satisfy the MH boundary condition in synchronization with the curvature radius of the QBBS attaining the displacement scale of the Hubble radius and a critical radius made manifest by the EMMR Lightpath after just one cycle at n=1 for the AdS cosmology, a nexus for which the dS spacetime for the expanding universe has reached the halfway coordinate n=½ in the gravitationally retarded cosmology.

    In Ads spacetime then, the Strominger ‘Mother Black Hole’ boundary MH increases as nMH=MHEH=nRHc2/2Go and is so 1.1327117..MH = 7.3293x1052 kg* for the present n-cycle time coordinate and will be n1MH=234.47MH or 1.517x1055 kg* at the completion of the first time-spaced universe 4 trillion years after the QBBS by n = ln{RH/rps}/lnY = ln{2p/nps]/lnY = 234.47161 in 234.47161/Ho = 234.47161RH/c = 1.24870x1020 s* or 3.9570 trillion years.

    The baryonic mass seedling Mo as a hypermass in AdS cosmology attains saturation potential for the Strominger Sarkar ‘Daughter Black Hole’ nSarkarMH = nSarkarRHc2/2Go = WoRHc2/2Go = 1.81371262x1051 kg* for Mo = RSarkarAdSMH/RH and RSarkarAdS = 4.478303x1024 m*
    As a distributed baryon mass in dS cosmology, RSarkar(nSarkar) = {nSarkar/[1+nSarkar]}RH = 4.356356x1024 m* for MSarkar = RSarkardSc2/2Go = 1.764324x1051 = Mo kg* and for nSarkar= Ωo = 0.028030116

    This implies, that 1.764324/1.813713 or 97.277% of Mo has inertialized-materialized from its hypermass potential from the initial boundary condition of the deceleration parameter qo=½Wo as gravitational mass equivalent at the nSarkar = Wo coordinate at 2x236.57=473.14 Million year marker of the galactic supercluster displacement scale.

    The Hubble law so modulates the inflaton as the instanton in a dimensionless cycle time parameter n in a time rate change constant as the nodal Hubble constant H(n)|min = Ho = 58.04 km/Mpc.s (extrapolated to 66.9 km/Mpc.s for a present npresent =1.1327117... cycle time coordinate) and in inverse proportion to its maximum as the wormhole frequency fps, becoming the maximum node for H(n) in the associated multiverse cosmology, which defines this multiverse as parallel in time space, but as holofractally nested in spacetime.
    It is then a quantum tunneling of the entire universe upon the completion of interwoven cycles defining the nodal oscillations nodal 'walls of time' defined in the light path, which become the medium for this quantum tunneling of lower dimensional spacetime itself.

    The ‘superluminal’ expansion of spacetime of standard cosmology is therefore modified in a decreasing and multiverse generating cyclic Hubble function H(n)=Ho/T(n)=Ho/(n[n+1] for a projected Particle Hubble Horizon of 40.78 Gy in RP = cT(n)/Ho = n(n+1)RH = (1.1327117)(2.1327117)(16.88) = 40.77782 Gy or 3.85958x1026 m* as 40.77 billion lightyears for the present protoverse or seedling universe.

    AdS spacetime expands at invariant lightspeed c and increases the multiversal volumar in the ‘event horizon’ Hubble horizon REH = nRH in a continuous new spacetime creation of spacetime quanta defined in the Weyl-Eps VPE-ZPE quantum Vps = Eps/2π2rps3 = 4πEps/λps3 = 2.513274x1064 [J/m3]*.

    The actual cosmology of the multiverse so exhibits no ‘faster than light’ spacetime expansion due to spacetime quantization in supermembrane Eps.Ess. The superluminal expansion is restricted to the QBBS parameters of the instanton-inflaton coupling, repeating itself in the cyclicity of the multiverse from the protoversal seed and encompassed by the topology and geometry of the oblate omniverse containing rotational phase shifted prolate universes as multiverses generated from the ellipsoidal foci of the EpsEss or Abba-Baab 12-dimensional cosmogony.

    ParticleHubblezoom.
    DayNightmiddle. ​

    Every Inflaton defines three Hubble nodes or timespace mirrors; the first being the 'singularity - wormhole' configuration; the second the nodal boundary for the 4D/10D dS space-time and the third the dynamic Lightpath bound for the Hubble Event horizon in 5D/11D AdS time-space.
    The completion of a 'de Broglie wave matter' evolution cycle triggers the Hubble Event Horizon as the inner boundary of the time-space mirrored Calabi Yau manifold to quantum tunnel onto the outer boundary of the space-time mirrored Calabi Yau manifold in a second universe; whose inflaton was initiated when the light-path in the first universe reached its second Hubble node.

    For the first universe, the three nodes are set in time-space as {3.3x10-31 s; 16.88 Gy; 3.96 Ty} and the second universe, time shifted in t1=to+t with to=1/Ho has a nodal configuration {to+1.4x10-33; to+3,957 Gy; to+972.7 Ty}; the latter emerging from the time-space as the instanton at time marker to.

    A third universe would initiate at a time coordinate t2=to+t1+t as {1/Ho+234.472/Ho +5.8x10-36 s; to+t1+972.7 Ty; to+t1+250,223 Ty}; but as the second node in the second universe cannot be activated by the Lightpath until the first universe has reached its 3.96 trillion year marker (and at a time for a supposed 'heat death' of the first universe due to exhaustion of the nuclear matter sources); the third and following nested universes cannot be activated until the first universe reaches its n=1+234.472=235.472 time-space coordinate at 3,974.8 billion years from the time instanton aka the Quantum Big Bang.

    For a present time-space coordinate of npresent=1.13271 however; all information in the first universe is being mirrored by the time-space of the AdS space-time into the dS space-time of the second universe at a time frame of t = t1-to = 19.12 - 16.88 = 2.24 billion years and a multi-dimensional time interval characterizing the apparent acceleration observed and measured in the first universe of the Calabi Yau manifold compressed or compactified flat dS Minkowski cosmology. The solution to the Dark Energy and Dark Matter question of a 'missing mass' cosmology is described in this discourse and rests on the evolution of a multiverse in matter.

    Yn = RHubble/rWeyl = 2πRHubble/λWeyl = ωWeyl/Ho = 2πnWeyl = nps/2π = 1.003849x1049 with nps = λps/RHubble = 6.259093485x10-49

    2nd Inflaton/Quantum Big Bang redefines for k=1: RHubble(1) = n1RHubble = c/Ho(1) = (234.472)RHubble = 3.746x1028 m* in 3.957 trillion Years for critical nk

    3rd Inflaton/Quantum Big Bang redefines for k=2: RHubble(2) = n1n2RHubble = c/Ho(2) = (234.472)(245.813)RHubble = 9.208x1030 m* in 972.63 trillion Years for critical nk

    4th Inflaton/Quantum Big Bang redefines for k=3: RHubble(3) = n1n2n3RHubble = c/Ho(3) = (57,636.27)(257.252)RHubble = 2.369x1033 m* in 250.24 quadrillion Years for critical nk

    5th Inflaton/Quantum Big Bang redefines for k=4: RHubble(4) = n1n2n3n4RHubble = c/Ho(4) = (14,827,044.63)(268.785)RHubble = 6.367x1035 m* in 67.26 quintillion Years for critical nk
    ...
    (k+1)th Inflaton/Quantum Big Bang redefines for k=k: RHubble(k) = RHubble Π nk = c/Ho Π nk
    ...

    nk = ln{ωWeylRHubble(k)/c}/lnY = ln{ωWeyl/Ho(k)}/lnY

    n1 = 234.471606...
    n2 = 245.812422...
    n3 = 257.251394...
    n4 = 268.784888...

    Dark Energy DE-Quintessence Λk Parameters:

    A general dark energy equation for the kth universe (k=0,1,2,3,...) in terms of the parametrized Milgröm acceleration A(n); comoving recession speed V(n) and scale factored curvature radius R(n):

    Λk (n) = GoMo/Rk(n)2 - 2cHo(Πnk)2/{n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)3} for negative Pressure Pk = -Λk(n)c2/4πGoRk

    = {GoMo(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)2/{(Πnk)2.RH2(n-ΣΠnk-1)2} - 2cHo(Πnk)2/{n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)3}

    Λo = GoMo(n+1)2/RH2(n)2 - 2cHo/(n+1)3
    Λ1 = GoMo(n-1+n1)2/n12RH2(n-1)2 - 2cHon12/(n-1+n1)3
    Λ2 = GoMo(n-1-n1+n1n2)2/n12n22RH2(n-1-n1)2 - 2cHon12n22/(n-1-n1+n1n2)3
    ...

    Lambda-DE-Quintessence Derivatives:

    Λk'(n) = d{Λk}/dn =
    {GoMo/Πnk2RH2}{2(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk).(n-ΣΠnk-1)2 - 2(n-ΣΠnk-1).(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)2}/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)4} - {-6cHo(Πnk)2}/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)4

    = {-2GoMo/ΠnkRH2}(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)/(n-ΣΠnk-1)3 + {6cHo(Πnk)2}/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)4

    = {6cHo(1)2}/{(n-0+1)4} - {2GoMo/1.RH2}{(n-0+1)/(n-0)3}........................................ for k=0
    = {6cHo(1.n1)2}/{(n-1+n1)4} - {2GoMo/n1.RH2}{(n-1+n1)/(n-1)3}................................ for k=1
    = {6cHo(1.n1.n2)2}/{(n-1-n1+n1.n2)4} - {2GoMo/n1n2.RH2}{(n-1-n1+n1n2)/(n-1-n1)3}...... for k=2
    .....

    For k=0; {GoMo/3c2RH} = constant = n3/[n+1]5
    for roots nΛmin = 0.23890175.. and nΛmax = 11.97186...
    {GoMo/2c2RH} = constant = [n]2/[n+1]5

    for Λo-DE roots: n+/- = 0.1082331... and n-/+ = 3.40055... for asymptote Λ0∞ = GoMo/RH2 = 7.894940128...x10-12 (m/s2)*

    For k=1; {GoMo/3n13c2RH} = constant = [n-1]3/[n-1+n1]5 = [n-1]3/[n+233.472]5
    for roots nΛmin = 7.66028... and nΛmax = 51,941.9..
    {GoMo/2n14c2RH} = constant = [n-1]2/[n-1+n1]5 = [n-1]2/[n+233.472]5
    for Λ1-DE roots: n+/- = 2.29966... and n-/+ = 7,161.518... for asymptote Λ1∞ = GoMo/n12RH2 = 1.43604108...x10-16 (m/s2)*

    For k=2; {GoMo/3n13n23c2RH} = constant = [n-1-n1]3/[n-1-n1+n1n2]5 = [n-235.472]3/[n+57,400.794]5
    for roots nΛmin = 486.7205 and nΛmax = 2.0230105x108
    {GoMo/2n14n24c2RH} = constant = [n-1-n1]2/[n-1-n1+n1n2]5 = [n-235.472]2/[n+57,400.794]5
    for Λ2-DE roots: n+/- = 255.5865... and n-/+ = 1.15382943...x107 for asymptote Λ2∞ = GoMo/n12n22RH2 = 2.37660590...x10-21 (m/s2)*

    For k=3; {GoMo/3n13n23n33c2RH} = constant = [n-1-n1-n1n2]3/[n-1-n1-n1n2+n1n2n3]5 = [n-57,871.74]3/[n+1.47691729x107]5
    for roots nΛmin = 67,972.496 and nΛmax = 8.3526797...x1011
    {GoMo/2n14n24n34c2RH} = constant = [n-1-n1-n1n2]2/[n-1-n1-n1n2+n1n2n3]5 = [n-57,871.74]2/[n+1.47691729x107]5
    for Λ3-DE roots: n+/- = 58,194.1... and n-/+ = 1.9010262...x1010 for asymptote Λ3∞ = GoMo/n12n22n32RH2 = 3.59120049...x10-26 (m/s2)*

    and where

    Πnk=1=no and Πnk-1=0 for k=0
    with Instanton/Inflaton resetting for initial boundary parameters

    Λo/adeBroglie = {GoMo/Rk(n)2}/ΠnkRHfps2
    = {GoMo(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)2}/{[Πnk]2.RH2(n-ΣΠnk-1)2(ΠnkRHfps2)} = (Πnk)½Ωo

    for Instanton-Inflaton Baryon Seed Constant Ωo = Mo*/MH* = 0.02803 for the kth universal matter evolution

    k=0 for Reset n=nps=Hot and Λo/adeBroglie = GoMo(nps+1)2/{RH3nps2(fps2)} = GoMo/RHc2 = Mo/2MH = ½Ωo
    k=1 for Reset n=1+nps and Λo/adeBroglie = GoMo(1+nps-1+n1)2/{[n1]2.RH3(1+nps-1)2(n1fps2)} = Mo/2n1MH = Mo/2MH* = ½Ωo*
    k=2 for Reset n=n1+1+nps and Λo/adeBroglie = GoMo(n1+1+nps-1-n1+n1n2)2/{[n1n2]2.RH3(n1+1+nps-1-n1)2(n1n2fps2)} = ½Ωo**
    k=3 for Reset n=n1n2+n1+1+nps and Λo/adeBroglie = GoMo(n1n2+n1+1+nps-1-n1-n1n2+n1n2n3)2/{[n1n2n3]2.RH3(n1n2+n1+1+nps-1-n1-n1n2)2(n1n2n3fps2)} = ½Ωo***
    ...
    with nps = 2πΠnk-1.Xnk =λps/RH = Hotps = Ho/fps = ctps/RH and RH=2GoMH/c2
    No=Hoto/no=Hot=n
    N1=Hot1/n1=(n-1)/n1
    N2=Hot2/n1n2=(n-1-n1)/n1n2
    N3=Hot3/n1n2n3=(n-1-n1-n1n2)/n1n2n3
    ...
    dn/dt=Ho
    ...

    Nk=Hotk/Πnk=(n-ΣΠnk-1)/Πnk
    tk = t - (1/Ho)ΣΠnk-1 for no=1 and No=n

    to=t=n/Ho=No/Ho=nRH/c
    t1=t-1/Ho=(n-1)/Ho=[n1N1]/Ho
    t2=t-(1+n1)/Ho=(n-1-n1)/Ho=(n1n2N2)/Ho
    t3=t-(1+n1+n1n2)/Ho=(n-1-n1-n1n2)/Ho=(n1n2n3N3)/Ho
    .......

    R(n)=R(No)=noRH{n/[n+1]}=RH{n/[n+1]}
    R1(N1)=n1RH{N1/[N1+1]}=n1RH{[n-1]/[n-1+n1]}
    R2(N2)=n1n2RH{N2/[N2+1]}=n1n2RH{[n-1-n1]/[n-1-n1+n1n2]}
    R3(N3)=n1n2n3RH{N3/[N3+1]}=n1n2n3RH{[n-1-n1-n1n2]/[n-1-n1-n1n2+n1n2n3}
    .......

    Rk(n) = ΠnkRH(n-ΣΠnk-1)/{n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk}

    .....= RH(n/[n+1]) = n1RH(N1/[N1+1]) = n1n2RH(N2/[N2+1]) =.....

    Vk(n) = dRk(n)/dt = c{Πnk}2/{n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk}2

    .....= c/[n+1]2 = c/[N1+1]2 = c/[N2+1]2 =.....
    .....= c/[n+1]2 = c(n1)2/[n-1+n1]2 = c(n1n2)2/[n-1-n1+n12n22]2 =.....

    Ak(n) = d2Rk(n)/dt2 = -2cHo(Πnk)2/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)3

    .....= -2cHo/(n+1)3 = -2cHo/n1(N1+1)3 = -2cHo/n1n2(N2+1)3=.....
    ..... = -2cHo/[n+1]3 = -2cHo{n1}2/[n-1+n1]3 = -2cHo(n1n2)2/[n-1-n1+n1n2]3 =.....

    GoMo is the Gravitational Parameter for the Baryon mass seed; Curvature Radius RH = c/Ho in the nodal Hubble parameter Ho and c is the speed of light

    Hubble Parameters:

    H(n)|dS = {Vk(n)}/{Rk(n)} = {c[Πnk]2/[n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk]2}/{Πnk.RH[n-ΣΠnk-1]/(n-ΣPnk-1+Πnk)} = ΠnkHo/{[n-ΣΠnk-1][n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk]}
    H(n)|dS = Ho/{[n][n+1]}=Ho/T(n) = n1Ho/{[n-1][n-1+n1]} = n1n2Ho/{[n-1-n1][n-1-n1+n1n2]} =..... for dS
    H(n)*|dS = Ho/[n-ΣΠnk-1] for oscillating H*(n) parameter for compacted recession velocity wavefront
    between nodes k and k+1 ||nps+ΣΠnk-1 - ΣΠnk||
    = Ho/(2-npresent) = Ho/0.86729 = 1.15302 Ho for npresent=1.1327127...
    with dark matter sector
    = Ho/{np/[1+np]}{(np/[1+np]+1]} = Ho[1+np]2/{np[2np+1]} = Ho/0.8132 = 1.22972 Ho for npresent=1.1327127... without dark matter sector

    H(n)|AdS = {Vk(n)}/{Rk(n)} = c/{RH(n-ΣΠnk-1)}
    H(n)|AdS = Ho/(n-ΣΠnk-1)
    H(n)|AdS = Ho/n = Ho/(n-1) = Ho/(n-1-n1) =..... for AdS

    dH/dt|dS = (dH/dn)(dn/dt) = d{Ho/T(n)}/dn)Ho = -Ho2{2n+1}/{T(n)}2 = -Πnk.Ho2{2n-2ΣΠnk-1+Πnk}/{n2-2nΣΠnk-1+(ΣΠnk-1)2+Πnk[n-ΣΠnk]}2
    = -ΠnkHo2{[2n-ΣΠnk-1 +Πnk]/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}2
    = -Ho2{2n+1}/{n2+n}2 = -n1Ho2{2n-1+n1}/{[n-1][n-1+n1]}2
    = -n1n2Ho2{2n-n1+n1n2}/{[n-1-n1][n-1-n1+n1n2]}2 =…

    dH/dt|AdS = (dH/dn)(dn/dt) = -Hoc/{(RH(n-ΣΠnk-1)2} = -Ho2/{n-ΣΠnk-1}2 for AdS and recession velocity

    dH/dt|AdS = -Ho2/{n-ΣΠnk-1}2
    ....= -Ho2/n2 = Ho2/(n-1)2 = -Ho2/(n-1-n1)2 = .....

    dH/dt + 4πGoρ = - 4πGoP/c2 for spherical volume 4pR3/3
    dH/dt + 6π2Goρ = - 6π2GoP/c2 for horn torus volume 2p2R3

    dH/dt + 4πGoMo/R(n)3 = 4pΛ(n)/R(n) + 8pnHo2/T(n)2 – Ho2(2n+1)/T(n)2 = - 4πGoP/c2
    P(n,t) = -L(n,t)c2/GoR(n)3 - {Ho2c2/4poT(n)2}{2n[4p-1]-1]} = (2n+1)Ho2c2/4pGoT(n)2 - Moc2/R(n)3 for dS with
    Gor = GoMo/R(n)3 = -GoP/c2 – (dH/dt)/4p = L(n)/R(n) + 2cHo/R(n)[n+1]3 for Volume VdS = 4pR(n)3/3

    Λk(n)/Rk(n) = GoMo/{RH(n-ΣΠnk-1)}3 - Ho2/{2(n-ΣΠnk-1) }/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}2

    P(n=Hot) = c2Ho2(2n+1)/{4pGo/T(n)2} - Moc2/R(n)3 ………
    = c2Ho2{2(n-ΣΠnk-1)+1}/{4pGo/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}2 - Moc2(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)3/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)RH}3


    Deceleration Parameters:

    qAdS(n)=-Ak(n)Rk(n)/Vk(n)2
    = -{(-2cHo[Πnk]2)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)3}{ΠnkRH(n-ΣΠnk-1)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}/{[Πnk]2c/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}2
    qAdS(n)= 2n ….= 2(n-ΣΠnk-1)/Πnk

    qdS(n) = qAdS+dS(n) = 2(n-ΣΠnk-1)/Πnk
    qdS(n) = 1/qAdS+dS(n) – 1 = 1/2n - 1 …= Πnk/{2[n-ΣΠnk-1} - 1

    Scalefactor modulation at Nk = {n-ΣΠnk-1}/Πnk = ½ reset coordinate

    ....= 2n = 2(n-1)/n1 = 2(n-1-n1)/(n1n2) = 2(n-1-n1-n1n2)/(n1n2n3) = ..... for AdS

    .....= 1/{2n} -1 = n1/{2[n-1]} -1 = n1n2/{2(n-1-n1)} -1 = n1n2n3/{2(n-1-n1-n1n2)} -1 = ..... for dS

    Dark Energy Initiation for qdS=0 with qAdS=1

    k=0 for n = ½ = 0.50000 for qdS=0 with qAdS=1
    k=1 for n = ½n1+1 = 118.236.. for qdS=0 with qAdS=1
    k=2 for n = ½n1n2+n1+1 = 29,053.605.. qdS=0 with qAdS=1
    k=3 for n = ½n1n2n3+n1n2+n1+1 = 7,471,394.054.. qdS=0 with qAdS=1

    Temperature:

    T(n) =∜{Moc2/(1100σπ2.Rk(n)2.tk)} and for tk = (n-ΣΠnk-1)/Ho

    Tk(n) = ∜{HoMoc2(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)2/[1100σπ2.RH2.(n-ΣΠnk-1)3]}
    =∜{(Ho3Mo(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)2)/[1100σπ2(n-ΣΠnk-1)3]} = ∜{18.199(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)2/(n-ΣΠnk-1)3}

    T(n) .....= ∜{18.2[n+1]2/n3} = ∜{18.2[n-1+n1]2/(n-1)3} = ∜{18.2[n-1-n1+n1n2]2/(n-1-n1)3} =.....

    Comoving Redshift:

    z + 1 = √{(1+v/c)/(1-v/c)} = √{([n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk]2+[Πnk]2)/([n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk]2-[Πnk]2)} =
    √{([n-ΣΠnk-1]2+2Πnk(n-ΣΠnk-1)+2(Πnk)2)/([n-ΣΠnk-1]2+2Πnk(n-ΣΠnk-1)} = √{1 + 2(Πnk)2/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)(n-ΣΠnk-1+2Πnk)}

    z+1 = √{ 1 + 2/{[n2-2nΣΠnk-1 +(ΣΠnk-1)2+2n-2ΣΠnk-1} = √{1+2/{n(n+2-2ΣΠnk-1) + ΣΠnk-1(ΣΠnk-1-2)}}

    ....= √{1+2/(n[n+2])} = √{1+2/([n-1][n-1+2n1])} = √{1+2/([n-1-n1][n-1-n1+2n1n2])} =......

    Baryon-Dark Matter Saturation:

    ΩDM = 1-ΩBM until Saturation for BM-DM and Dark Energy Separation

    ρBM+DM/ρcritical = MoRH3/MHR(n)3 = ΩoYn(1+1/n)3 = ΩoY{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk}/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}3 = MoY{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk}/{ρcriticalRk(n)3}

    Baryon Matter Fraction: ΩBM = ΩoYn = ΩoY{Nk} = Ωo.Y{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk}

    Dark Matter Fraction: ΩDM = ΩoYn{(1+1/n)3 - 1} = ΩBM{(1+1/n)3 - 1}

    ΩoY{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk}{1-{(n-ΣΠnk-1)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}3/{(n-ΣΠnk-1)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}3 = ΩoY{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk}{(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)3-(n-ΣΠnk-1)3}/{n-ΣΠnk-1}3
    = ΩoY{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk}{(1+Πnk/[n-ΣΠnk-1])3 -1} = ΩBM{(1+Πnk/[n-ΣΠnk-1])3 -1}

    Dark Energy Fraction: ΩDE = 1- ΩDM - ΩBM = 1 - ΩBM{(1+Πnk/[n-ΣΠnk-1])3}

    ΩBM=constant=0.0553575 from Saturation to Intersection with Dark Energy Fraction

    ΩoY{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk} = ρBM+DMRk(n)3/MH = [Nk]3/[Nk+1]3 = {(n-ΣΠnk-1)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}3 = Rk(n)3/VH = VdS/VAdS
    for ρBM+DM = MH/RH3 = ρcritical and for Saturation at Ni = 6.541188... = constant ∀ Ni

    (Mo/MH).Y{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk} = {(n-ΣΠnk-1)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)}3 with a Solution for f(n) in Newton-Raphson Root Iteration and first Approximation x0

    xk+1 = xk - f(n)/f'(n) = xk - {(Mo/MH).Y{[n-∑∏nk-1]/Πnk} - (n-∑∏nk-1)/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)3}/{(Mo/MH).[lnY]Y{[n-ΣΠnk-1]/Πnk} - 3(n-ΣΠnk-1)2/(n-ΣΠnk-1+Πnk)4}

    x1 = x0 - {(Mo/MH).Y[n] - (n/n+1)3}/{(Mo/MH).[lnY]Y[n] - 3n2/[n+1]4}
    = x0 - {(Mo/MH).Y{N0} - (N0)3/(N0+1)3}/{(Mo/MH).[lnY]Y{N0} - 3(N0)2/1(N0+1)4}
    x1 = x0 - {(Mo/MH).Y{[n-1]/n1} - (n-1)3/(n-1+n1)3}/{(Mo/MH).[lnY]Y{[n-1]/n1} - 3(n-1)2/(n-1+n1)4}
    = x0 - {(Mo/MH).Y{N1} - (N1)3/(N1+1)3}/{(Mo/MH).[lnY]Y{N1} - 3(N1)2/n1(N1+1)4}
    x1 = x0 - {(Mo/MH).Y{[n-1-n1]/n1n2} - (n-1-n1)3/(n-1-n1+n1n2)3}/{(Mo/MH).[lnY]Y{[n-1-n1]/n1n2} - 3(n-1-n1)2/(n-1-n1+n1n2)4}
    = x0 - {(Mo/MH).Y{N2} - (N2)3/(N2+1)3}/{(Mo/MH).[lnY]Y{N2} - 3(N1)2/n1n2(N2+1)4}
    .......

    n = 1.N0 = Ni = 6.541188....⇒ Ni ∀i for ∏nk = n0 = 1
    n = n1N1+1 = (234.472)(6.541188...)+1 = 1534.725.... for ∏nk = n0n1 = n1
    n = n1n2N2+1+n1 = (234.472x245.813)(6.541172)+1+234.472 = 377,244.12.... for ∏nk = n0n1n2 = n1n2
    n = n1n2n3N3+1+n1+n1n2 = (234.472x245.813x257.252)(6.541172)+1+234.472+(234.472x245.813) = 97,044,120.93.... for ∏nk = n0n1n2n3= n1n2n3
    ......

    Baryon-Dark Matter Intersection:

    Nk=√2 for n = √2.Πnk + ΣΠnk-1
    n0 = 1.√2 + 0 = no
    n1 = n1√2 + 1 = 332.593 = n1√2 + 1
    n2 = n1n2√2 + 1 + n1 = 81,745.461
    n3 = n1n2n3√2 + 1 + n1 +n1n2 = 21,026,479.35
    ....
    omniverse. ​

    Hypermass Evolution:

    Yk{(n-ΣΠnk-1)/Πnk} = 2Pnk.RH/λps = Πnk.RH/rps = ΠnkMH*k/mH*k for MH = c2RH/2Go and mH = c2rps/2Go

    Hypermass MHyper = mH.Yk{(n-ΣΠnk-1)/Πnk}

    .....= Yn = Y([n-1]/n1) = Y([n-1-n1]/n1n2) =.....

    k=0 for MHyper = MH = 1.MH = mH.Y{(n)} with n = 1.{ln(2π/nps)/lnY} = n1
    = 234.472

    k=1 for MHyper = n1.MH = MH* = mH.Y{(n-1)/n1} with n = [1] + n1.{ln(2πn1/nps)/lnY} = [1] + n1n2
    = 1 + 234.472x245.812 = 57,637.03

    k=2 for MHyper = n1n2.MH = MH** = mH.Y{(n-1-n1)/n1n2} with n = [1 + n1] + n1n2.{ln(2πn1n2/nps)/lnY} = [1 + n1] + n1n2n3
    = 235.472 + 234.472x245.812x257.251 = 14,827,185.4

    k=3 for MHyper = n1n2n3.MH = MH*** = mH.Y{(n-1-n1-n1n2)/n1n2n3} with n = with n = [1 + n1 + n1n2] + n1n2n3.{ln(2πn1n2n3/nps)/lnY} = [1 + n1 + n1n2] + n1n2n3n4
    = 57,871.74 + 234.472x245.812x257.251x268.785 = 3,985,817,947.8


    khepera. ​
     
    Last edited: Jan 21, 2022
    admin, Nov 11, 2021
    #11
  2. admin

    admin Well-Known Member Staff Member

    Messages:
    3,756
    IX: Ylemic Gluon-Quark-Plasma Protostars as Vortex QBBS Energies

    The stability of stars is a function of the equilibrium condition, which balances the inward pull of gravity with the outward pressure of the thermodynamic energy or enthalpy of the star (H=PV+U). The Jeans Mass MJ and the Jeans Length RJ a used to describe the stability conditions for collapsing molecular hydrogen clouds to form stars say, are well known in the scientific data base, say in formulations such as:

    MJ=3kBTR/2Gm for a Jeans Length of RJ=√{15kBT/(4πρGm)}=RJ =√(kBT/Gnm²).

    Now the Ideal Gas Law of basic thermodynamics states that the internal pressure P and Volume of such an ideal gas are given by PV=nRT=NkT for n moles of substance being the Number N of molecules (say) divided by Avogadro's Constant L in n=N/L .
    Since the Ideal Gas Constant R divided by Avogadro's Constant L and defines Boltzmann's Constant k=R/L. The statistical analysis of kinetic energy KE of particles in motion in a gas (say) gives a root-mean-square velocity (rms) and the familiar 2.KE=mv²(rms) from the distribution of individual velocities v in such a system. It is found that PV=(2/3)N.KE as a total system described by the v(rms). Setting the KE equal to the Gravitational PE=GMm/R for a spherical gas cloud gives the Jeans Mass (3/2N).(NkBT)=GMm/R with m the mass of a nucleon or Hydrogen atom and M=MJ=3kTR/2Gm as stated.

    The Jeans' Length is the critical radius of a cloud (typically a cloud of interstellar dust) where thermal energy, which causes the cloud to expand, is counter acted by gravity, which causes the cloud to collapse. It is named after the British astronomer Sir James Jeans, who first derived the quantity; where kB is Boltzmann Constant, T is the temperature of the cloud, R is the radius of the cloud, m is the mass per particle in the cloud, G is the Gravitational Constant and ρ is the cloud's mass density (i.e., the cloud's mass divided by the cloud's volume).
    Shortly after the Big Bang, there were of course no gas clouds in the early expanding universe and the Jeans formulations are not applicable to the mass seedling Mo; in the manner of the Jeans formulations as given. However, the universe's dynamics is in the form of the expansion parameter of General Relativity and so as R(n)=Rmax(n/(n+1)) with the scale factor of Quantum Relativity.

    Expressing the Jeans radius in the form of the Hawking radius of primordial micro black holes with a fixed nuclear density defined by subatomic parameters of the timespace made manifest in the QBBS, then allows analysis of the thermodynamic universe expansion as a function of temperature, independent on the distribution of the mass seedling Mo.as the Gamow-Hawking protostars matching the universal temperature background as potential vortex energies given by the Hawking masses.

    The thermal internal energy or ITE=H is the outward pressure in equilibrium with the gravitational potential energy of GPE=Ω. The nuclear density in terms of the super brane parameters is ρcritical=mc/Vcritical with mc a base-nucleon mass for an 'ylemic neutron'.
    Vcritical= 4πRe3/3 or the volume for the ylemic neutron as given by the classical electron radius Re=1010λps/360={e*/2c2}mod.
    H=(molarity)kBT for molar volume as N=(R/Re)3 for dH=3kBTR2/Re3

    The gravitational potential energy is Ω(R) = -∫GoMdm/R
    = -4prGo∫{4prR3/3}{R2/R}dR
    = -{16p2r2Go/3}∫R4dR = -{16p2r2Go/15}{R5}
    dW/dR=-{16p2r2Go/3}{R4}=-3Gomc2R4 for dM/dR=d(ρV)/dR=4πρR2 and for ρ=M/V=3mc/4πRe3

    For equilibrium, the requirement is that dH=dΩ in the minimum condition dH+dΩ=0.

    This gives dH+dΩ = 3kBTR2/Re3 - 3Gomc2R4 = 0 and the ylemic radius as:

    Rylem=√{kTRe/Gomc2} …………………………..[Eq.VIII-1]

    as the Jeans-Length precursor or progenitor for subsequent stellar and galactic generation.

    The ylemic (Jeans) radii are all independent of the mass of the star as a function of its nuclear generated temperature.
    Applied to the proto stars of the vortex neutron matter or ylem, the radii are all neutron star radii and define a specific range of radii for the gravitational collapse of the electron degenerate matter.
    These spans from the 'First Three Minutes' scenario of the cosmogenesis to 1.1 million seconds (or about 13 days) and encompasses the standard beta decay of the neutron, underpinning radioactivity.

    The upper limit defines a trillion-degree temperature and a radius of over 40 km; the trivial Schwarzschild solution gives a typical ylem radius of so 7.4 kilometers and the lower limit defines the 'mysterious' planetesimal limit as 1.8 km. For long a cosmological conundrum, it could not be modelled just how the molecular and electromagnetic forces applicable to conglomerate matter distributions (say gaseous hydrogen as cosmic dust) on the quantum scale of molecules could become strong enough to form say 1 km mass concentrations, required for 'ordinary' gravity to assume control.

    The ylem radii's lower limit is defined in the cosmology as the Dirac monopole wavelength modulation at the 1.0 – 1.2 billion Kelvin degree marking the temperature of the universe in its defining Hawking-Gamow micro-mass black holes, which apply the Jeans formulation of hydrogen clouds to the primordial ylemic dineutron scenario. The stellar evolution from the ylemic (di-neutronic) templates is well established in QR and confirms most of the Standard Model's ideas of nucleosynthesis and the general cosmology for a thermodynamically expanding universe.

    bigbang. ​

    gam0. gam1. gam2. gam3. ​


    ac5. quarkstar. ​
    ​

    The standard model is correct in the temperature assignment but is amiss in the corresponding 'size-scales' for the cosmic expansion.
    The Big Bang cosmogenesis describes the universe as a Planck-Black Body Radiator, which sets the Cosmic-Microwave-Black Body Background Radiation Spectrum (CMBR) as a function of n as T4=18.2(n+1)2/n3 and derived from the Stefan-Boltzmann-Law and the related statistical frequency distributions.
    The metric from General Relativity for Schwarzschild-Black Hole Evolution has RS=2GM/c² as a function of the star's Black Hole's mass M and we have the ylemic Radius as a function of temperature only as Rylem√(kT.Re3/Gomc2).

    The nucleonic mass-seed mc=mplancka9 and the product Gomc2 is a constant in the partitioned evolution of mc(n)=Yn.mc and G(n)=Go.Xn.
    Identifying the ylemic Radius with the Hawking radius gives the properties of the micro-mass black hole at the temperature of the universe and identifying the ylemic radius with a standard Schwarzschild Radius gives the properties of neutron-quark stars at their local temperatures as manifesting vortex energies from their Hawking-Gamow ylemic seedling black holes at a later n-cycle coordinate and in a later and cooler universe.
    Quantum Relativity (QR) defines the Weyl-Temperature limit for Bosonic Unification as 1.9 nanoseconds at a temperature of 1.42x1020 Kelvin and the weak-electromagnetic unification at 1/140 seconds or 7 microseconds at T=1.68x1015 K*.

    The earliest ylem stars are limited at a temperature of 1.68x1015 K* at the electroweak unification nexus with a mass limit of 433.58 Msun or 8.672x1032 kg* as the first potential for an ylemic proto-star after the bosonic unification and after the undifferentiated 'bosonic plasma' entered its phase of the QBBS temperature no longer exceeding the temperature and energy of individualised elementary particles, enabling the di-neutrons to be born as ylem or Gamow's neutron matter.
    185 seconds or 3 minutes after the Instanton, the universe was so 111 Million km across, when its ylemic 'concentrated' VPE-Temperature was so 812 Billion K* and the Hawking radius was the same as the radius of the classical electron for a micro black hole mass of 1.1x1012 kg* and an ylem radius of 47.4 km* indicating a future black hole macro-mass of 1.9x1031 kg* as 9.6 Msun as a limiting quark gluon-plasma star.

    The 'pixelated' universe so became scaled in ylemic temperature bubbles in the form of primordial White-Hole-Sources coupled to Black Hole-Sinks in a form of macro quanta to reflect the sourcesink Eps coupled to the sinksource Ess of the underpinning elementary super membrane Eps.Ess. As the universe continued its expansion, the WH-BH dyads remained as temperature hotspots embedded within the cooling spacetime as the Black Body Radiator of the cosmogenesis.

    As the universe expanded and cooled, the first ylem stars crystallized from the mass seedling Mo. The universe's expansion however cooled the CMBR background and as the temperature characterizing the Chandrasekar white dwarf-neutron star limit is at a temperature of 20 Billion Kelvin, the size of the universe at this temperature provides an upper limit for the size of a star in 7.8x1012 m* or a radius 7.8 billion kilometers. This encompasses about 52 Astronomical Units (1 AU=1.5x108 km as the distance between the earth and the sun) and so the radial extent and the 'size' of a typical solar system, encompassed by supergiants on the HR-diagram.

    The ylemic temperature decreases in direct proportion to the square of the ylemic radius and one hitherto enigmatic aspect in cosmology relates to this in the planetesimal limit. A temperature of so 1.2 billion degrees defines an ylemic radius of 1.8 km as the dineutronic limit for proto-neutron stars contracting from 47.4 km* down to this size just 1.1 million seconds or so 13 days after the Quantum Big Bang Dirac Singularity.
    Chunks of matter can conglomerate via molecular and other adhesive interactions towards this size, where then the accepted gravity is strong enough to build planets and moons; but the ylemic template is defined in subatomic parameters reflecting the mesonic inner and leptonic outer ring boundaries and this the planetesimal limit becomes the modulation of the Dirac monopole wavelength as the mapping of the leptonic outer ring. So, neutrino-gluon and quark blueprints micro-macro dance their basic definition as the holographic projections of the space-time quanta.

    The nuclear density for neutron stars for electron degeneracy at the leptonic ring is increased for neutron degeneracy at the mesonic ring and therefore modifies the Chandra mass limit for white dwarves in the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) limit for neutron stars.
    A lower limit for the TOV limit is obtained in the Dirac monopole modulation MQB/0.9544=1.41555 increasing the Chandrasekar mass to 1.5x1.41555=2.123 solar masses. The upper limit considers the primordial neutron decay as superimposed onto the ylemic mass evolution in the loss of neutrons between the mass content of the ylemic protostars at the beginning and the end of the primordial beta minus decay of lefthanded neutrons into lefthanded protons and lefthanded electrons with righthanded antineutrinos.

    At the beginning of the 880.14 seconds the ylemic Hawking mass would be 8.844 solar masses as a function of its radius and reducing to 4.900 solar masses at the end of neutron decay for a mass fraction of 1.804. The upper TOV limit for the Chandrasekar mass so becomes 1.5x1.804=2.706 solar masses.
    Hence any star experiencing electron degeneracy is actually becoming ylemic or dineutronic, the boundary for this process being the Chandrasekhar mass, extended to the TOV mass for neutron degeneracy. The ylemic protostar mass at the beginning of neutron decay also sets a natural limit for any stellar black holes in 8.844 solar masses or 1.769x1031 kg*.

    The density of a black hole is calculated from rBH=MBH/VBH =MBHc6/8Go3MBH3=c6/8Go3MBH2=c2/2Gorcurv2= c2/2Gorylem2={mcc2/2kBTHawking}{mc/Re3}={mcc2/2kBTHawking}{rnucleon}

    For Hawking’s micro black holes activated as Gamow’s ylemic protostars then, the relationship between the black hole density and the neutron star density becomes a function of the ylemic-universal temperature projected from the ylem time into the future time when the neutron stars, magnetars and quark stars would be born from as the remnants of supernovae or the merger of neutron stars with each other or black holes.

    kBTHawking=½mcc2{rnucleon}/rBH} and the limit for an electron degenerate star is given in the black hole density equal to the nucleon density for kBTHawking=½mcc2 and so for a temperature THawking=mcc2/2kB=3.163603x1012 K*

    For electron degeneracy rnucleon=mc/Re3; for a temperature limit of THawking=mcc2/2kB=3.163603x1012 K*
    For neutron degeneracy in the diameter of a protonic nucleus rnucleon=Y3mcRe3; for a temperature limit of THawking=Y3mcc2/2kB=1.340124x1013 K*

    For neutron degeneracy in the radial size of a protonic nucleus rnucleon=8mc3Re3; for a temperature limit of THawking=8mcc2/2kB=2.530882x1013 K*
    For neutron degeneracy in the charge radius of a proton rnucleon=8Y3mcRe3; for a
    temperature limit of THawking=8Y3mcc2/2kB=1.072099x1014 K*

    Considering the size of the proton for neutron degeneracy engages a displacement scale from 2.778 to 0.858 fermi in a factor of 3.235 for a change in the nuclear density in a factor of (3.235)3=33.87 from 1.105x1016 – 3.743x1017 [kg/m3]*.



    Macrostate    		     
    Macrostate

    Tps|mod
    ←
    Mcurv=RHawkingc2/2Go
    ←
    RHawking=hc/2pkBTcurv
    ←
    Tylem as Tcurv as THawking

    3.602774x10-12 K*    		 
    2.534656x1035 kg*    		 
    6.258410x108 m*    		 
    3.602774x10-12 K*
           

    Tps=1.41671x1020 K*    		 
    6.258410x108 m*    		 
    2.534656x1035 kg*    		 
    3.602774x10-12 K*

    THawking
    →
    Rylem=√{kBTHawkingRe3/Gomc2}
    →
    Mcurv=Rylemc2/2Go
    →
    Tcurv=hc/2pkBRylem

    Macrostate    		     
    Macrostate

    Tps=1.41671x1020 K*    		 
    rps=1.591549x10-23 m*    		 
    6445.775 kg*    		 
    Tps=1.41671x1020 K*

    THawking
    →
    RHawking=hc/2pkBTHawking=Rcurv
    →
    Mcurv=Rcurvc2/2Go
    →
    THawking=hc/2pkBRcurv

    Microstate    		     
    Microstate
    For the Bosonic Temperature unification nBU=HotBU=3.562x10-27 for TCMBR=Tps=1.417x1020 K* a Hawking radius RHawking=rps=hc/2pkBTHawking=1.591x10-23 m* for a present micro black hole mass Mylem=HM/THawking=6445.78 kg* infers a macrostate ylem radius 6.258x108 m* as a Hawking microstate radius for a macrostate HM black hole mass of Mcurv=HM/Tylem=2.535x1035 kg*; for a ylem temperature Tylem=3.603x10-12 K*modulating the macrostate in the microstate as a minimum boundary self-state for the age of the universe.


    Macrostate    		     
    Macrostate

    TEW|mod
    ←
    Mcurv=RHawkingc2/2Go
    ←
    RHawking=hc/2pkBTcurv
    ←
    Tylem as Tcurv as THawking

    1.0530621x10-9 K*    		 
    8.671658x1032 kg*    		 
    2.14115x106 m*
    		 
    1.0530621x10-9 K*
           

    TEW=1.65825x1015 K*    		 
    2.14115x106 m*
    		 
    8.671658x1032 kg*    		 
    1.0530621x10-9 K*

    THawking
    →
    Rylem=√{kBTHawkingRe3/Gomc2}
    →
    Mcurv=Rylemc2/2Go
    →
    Tcurv=hc/2pkBRylem

    Macrostate    		     
    Macrostate

    TEW=1.65825x1015 K*    		 
    1.359725x10-18 m*    		 
    5.506886x108 kg*    		 
    TEW=5.618369x1012 K*

    THawking
    →
    RHawking=hc/2pkBTHawking=Rcurv
    →
    Mcurv=Rcurvc2/2Go
    →
    THawking=hc/2pkBRcurv

    Microstate    		     
    Microstate
    For the electroweak unification nEW=HotEW=1.340x10-20 for TCMBR=TEW=1.658x1015 K* a Hawking radius RHawking=rEW=hc/2pkBTHawking=1.360x10-18 m* for a present micro black hole mass Mylem=HM/THawking=5.507x108 kg* infers a macrostate ylem radius 2.141x106 m* as a Hawking microstate radius for a macrostate HM black hole mass of Mcurv=HM/Tylem=8.671x1032 kg*; for a ylem temperature Tylem=1.053x10-9 K*modulating the macrostate in the microstate as a minimum boundary self-state for the age of the universe.


    Macrostate    		     
    Macrostate

    Tpresent|mod
    ←
    Mcurv=RHawkingc2/2Go
    ←
    RHawking=hc/2pkBTcurv
    ←
    Tylem as Tcurv as THawking

    0.02589 K*    		 
    3.527x1025 kg*    		 
    0.08709 m*
    		 
    0.02589 K*
           

    Tpresent=2.747 K*    		 
    0.08709 m*
    		 
    3.527x1025 kg*    		 
    0.02589 K*

    THawking
    →
    Rylem=√{kBTHawkingRe3/Gomc2}
    →
    Mcurv=Rylemc2/2Go
    →
    Tcurv=hc/2pkBRylem

    Macrostate    		     
    Macrostate

    Tpresent=2.747 K*    		 
    8.208x10-4 m*    		 
    3.324x1023 kg*    		 
    Tpresent=2.747 K*

    THawking
    →
    RHawking=hc/2pkBTHawking=Rcurv
    →
    Mcurv=Rcurvc2/2Go
    →
    THawking=hc/2pkBRcurv

    Microstate    		     
    Microstate
    For a present n-cycle coordinate npresent=1.132711 for TCMBR=2.747 K* a Hawking radius RHawking=rHpresent=hc/2pkBTHawking=8.208x10-4 m* for a present micro black hole mass Mylem=HM/THawking=3.324x1023 kg* infers a macrostate ylem radius 0.0871 m* as a Hawking microstate radius for a macrostate HM black hole mass of Mcurv=HM/Tylem=3.527x1025 kg*; for a ylem temperature Tylem=0.0259 K* modulating the macrostate in the microstate as a maximum boundary self-state for the age of the universe.

    As the ylem radius is proportional to the square root of the ylem universal temperature but decreases with time in the universal temperature evolution for an increase in a black hole’s radius; the increase of the ylem protostar mass with temperature is compensated in the inverse proportionality in the Hawking modulus in the radii of the ylem protostar and the curvature.

    RHawking = hc/2pkBTHawking = 2GoM/c2 = Rcurv = Rylem=√{kBTRe3/Gomc2}.

    Nuclear density then varies as rnuclear={3c4kB/16pGo3mc}T/M2 = {5.0129636x1066} T/M2 which identifies the Chandra mass of 1.5 solar masses as fps2=9x1060 frequency states modulating the nuclear density for a temperature of 1.9847x1010 K* for a Hawking-Gamow micro black hole of mass 4.6011x1013 kg*

    T3 = {hc3/4pkBGo}2 rnuclear /{5.013x1066} = rnuclear {h2c2Gomc/3pkB3} [K3]* = rnuclear {1.66348029x10-19} [K3]*

    Nuclear densities for neutron stars, magnetars and quark-plasma stars so become restricted in the subatomic parameters on the fermi scale of at about half of the classical electron radius scale a Protonic Diameter, the Protonic Radius must then indicate the limit for the scale where proton degeneracy would have to enter the scenario.
    As the proton cannot degenerate in that way, the neutron star must enter its Quark-Star Gluon-Plasma phase transition at the ½Re/Y scale, corresponding to a mass of 2Y.MChandra=9.7082x1030 kg* or 4.854 solar masses. This marker is between the F-googol and the G-googol space quanta counter nexus coordinates.
    This vortex manifested as a VPE concentration after the expanding universe had cooled to allow the universe to become transparent from its hitherto defining state of opaqueness and a time known as the decoupling of matter (in the form of the Mo seedling partitioned in mc's) from the radiation pressure of the CMBR bosons.
    Generally, when the gravitational inward pressure is larger than the thermal outward pressure for a star, then electron degeneracy can result in the atomic constituents of the star to break the electromagnetic force keeping the atoms electrons apart from the atomic nucleus. In the evolution of stars, the nuclear fusion processes in the core of the star determine how the mass of the star will respond to the release of material of the star in the form of electromagnetic radiation and mass ejections. Once the nuclear fusion processes can no longer convert atomic elements in endothermic reactions at the iron limit, the exothermic reactions will reduce the star’s mass to that of its core.

    Depending on the mass of this core, particular limits determine the fate of the star’s core of either becoming a white dwarf in the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.4 solar masses and increasing to 2-3 (Supernova SN2003fg~2.0) solar masses or the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) limit of about 2.3 (Neutron Star GW170817) solar masses for a general range between 1.5 – 3 solar masses for neutron degenerate matter. A neutron stars mass increases with the rate of rotation by about 20% from a non-rotating state.
    As the classical electron radius oscillates between the wormhole Weyl-radius of the QBBS as rps=lps/2p =1.59155x10-23 m* and Re=kee2/mec2 = ha/2pmec =2.777..x10-15 m*;
    the Compton constant Reme=ha/2pc=aLplanckmplanck=a√{(hGo/2pc3)(hc/2pGo)}

    =a√{h2/4p2c2}=ha/2pc=Ccompton=Reeff.meeff=2.580702x10-45 [mkg]* will determine this electronic oscillation between the gluon-neutrino kernel and the inner mesonic ring and the outer leptonic ring for the subatomic structure of a nucleon or hadron.

    In particular the effective charge radius of the proton of quark content u.d.u=KKIRK differing from the quark content of the neutron d.u.d=KIRKKIR by 1.328 MeV*reduces the classical electron radius by the factor ½X to set.
    Rproton=½XRe= 0.85838x10-15 m* for an effective electron mass of meeff=Ccompton/Reeff=3.00648x10-30 kg* at that displacement in the classical electron oscillation. [Footnote 2]

    At the scale of a protonic diameter meeff=Ccompton/XRe=1.50324x10-30 kg*, showing that an increase of the electron’s size will decrease its effective self-interacting electromagnetic mass, irrespective of the relativistic velocity of the electron.

    https://www.academia.edu/39184674/T...andard_Model_and_Quantum_Field_Theory_Part_1_
    https://www.academia.edu/40223805/A_Revision_of_the_Friedmann_Cosmology

    The cosmology for the lower dimensional universe is described as the spacetime evolution of a Planck Black Body Radiator and so follows a thermodynamic process of a decreasing universal background temperature with increasing volume, due to the expansion of the universe.

    The modular string-membrane dualities then couple the inversion displacement parameters of the QBBS and the micro-quantum scale of the instanton as a Weyl-Eps-wormhole in the supermembrane EpsEss evolution to the macro-quantum scale of the inflaton under utility of the ABCDEFGH googolplex spacetime quanta counters.
    As the E-googol defines the quantum geometric template for the classical electron radius, rendered variable in the maximum of Re=2.777x10-15 m* and the minimum in the wormhole radius rps=lps/2p=1.592x10-23 m*, the magnitude ratio RE/Re=∛E)(λweyl/2π)/{1010lps/360}=∛E)(λweyl/2π)/{2prps1010/360}={∛E)/1010}{360/2p}
    ={2.158884299…x1027}{180/p}=3.43597108x1014 m*/2.7777777x10-15 m*
    = 1.236949588…x1029 spacetime quanta.

    The wave nature of matter is given by the de Broglie wavelength for matter in ldB=2prdB=h/p=h/melectronvelectron for an elementary particle like the electron.

    This is expressed for the particle nature of matter in the Compton wavelength lcompton=2prcompton=h/melectronc and maximizing the velocity of the electron to lightspeed c.

    As the classical electron radius is Re=kee2/melectronc2=ah/2pmelectronc=arcompton , showing that increasing the size of the electron by a factor of 137 will define the light-matter interaction probability in the electromagnetic finestructure constant alpha for Compton radius rcompton=Re/a=3.80686301x10-13 m*.

    It defines the Compton constant Ccompton=Reme=ah/2pc=Recmec for the inverse proportionality between the mass and the radial size of a particle or system in quantum mechanics and where the subscript ec indicates the scale of the particle oscillation in between the boundary conditions for the electron as the maximum Re and the minimum rps.

    Further quantum mechanical extension of the size of the atomic nucleus then defines the 1st Bohr radius and the size of the hydrogen atom in multiplying the Compton radius by alpha as rBohr1=Re/a2=5.2171943x10-11 m*

    The quantum mechanical nature of the atom, so becomes encompassed in the interaction of the classical electron with the electromagnetic finestructure and in allowing the spacial extent of the electron to oscillate within its classical definition of its electromagnetic self-interaction.

    The temperature evolution of the universal cosmology so conformally relates this scale of the electron as a classical particle of spacetime, but as derivative of the Dirac monopole as its point particular representative to the macro-quantum form in the GFEH-googolplex.

    GFEH.
    ​
    ​

    [Footnote 2]:
    KKK-Kernel mass=Up/Down-HiggsLevel=3x319.66 MeV*= 958.99 MeV*, using the Kernel-Ring and Family-Coupling Constants.

    Subtracting the Ring-VPE (3L) gives the basic nucleonic K-State as 939.776 MeV*. This excludes the electronic perturbation of the IR-OR oscillation.

    For the Proton, one adds one (K-IR-Transition energy) and subtracts the electron-mass for the d-quark level and for the Neutron one doubles this to reflect the up-down-quark differential.

    An electron perturbation subtracts one 2-2/3=4/3 electron energy as the difference between 2 leptonic rings from the proton's 2 up-quarks and 2-1/3=5/3 electron energy from the neutron' singular up-quark to relate the trisected nucleonic quark geometric template.

    Proton mp=u.d.u=K.KIR.K=(939.776+1.5013-0.5205-0.1735) MeV* = 940.5833 MeV* (938.270 MeV).

    Neutron mn=d.u.d=KIR.K.KIR=(939.776+3.0026-1.0410+0.1735) MeV* = 941.9111 MeV* (939.594 MeV).
    This is the ground state from the Higgs-Restmass-Induction-Mechanism and reflects the quarkian geometry as being responsible for the inertial mass differential between the two elementary nucleons.

    All ground state elementary particle masses are computed from the Higgs-Scale and then become subject to various finestructures.
    [End of Footnote 2]

    The nuclear densities for neutron stars are defined in the ylemic vortices of the Gamow-Hawking protostars or Gamow-Hawking micro black holes in the function their temperatures. The temperature of the background universe so defines the temperature an electron- or neutron degenerate neutron star will have in its evolutionary development at a later stage of the cosmic temperature evolution.

    The birth of population III stars as the earliest stars has been calculated to begin as the cores of galaxies as the cores of superclusters at a time marker defined in the superstring modulation of the wavelength of the instanton.
    1/rss=2plss=6.283x1022 m* and so the size of a large galaxy manifesting so 6.64 million years after the QBBS.

    The Milky Way galaxy as one of the oldest galaxies in the cosmogenesis formed in the Sarkar regime of general galactic evolution and when the baryon mass seedling could manifest in thew form of galaxies in the requirement for the Strominger extremal black hole evolution to have reached the Sarkar radius of 236.52 million light years.

    This galactic displacement scale matches the time period for a revolution of the local star system to complete a cycle of rotation about the center of the Milky Way galaxy.




    n-cycle coordinate and time
    Radius as size of the universe
    Modulation factor
    Inversion Radius
    Cosmological Redshift
    Temperature
    Hawking Radius
    Ylem Radius
    Hawking micro-BH mass
    Cosmological Significance

    2nqo=0.02803012
    473.039 My
    Rsarkar=2GoMo/c2=4.47830347x1024
    1.62x1020
    3.62044x10-5
    5.0152
    30.570 K*
    7.3757x10-5 m*
    0.29071 m*
    2.9871x1022 kg*
    dark matter galaxies from supercluster seed
    manifest honey-comb universal geometry
    baryon seed mobaryon=0.02803=Mo/MH=2Lo/AdB

    nqo=0.01401506
    236.520 My
    Rsarkar=GoMo/c2=2.23915174x1024
    4.05x1019
    1.81022x10-5
    7.4777
    51.062 K*
    4.4157x10-5 m*
    0.37572 m*
    1.7884x1022 kg*
    Quasar wall - 1st protostars from supercluster seeds
    Deceleration parameter qo=½Mo/MH=Lo/AdB

    ½nqo=0.00700753
    118.260 My
    Rsarkar=½GoMo/c2=1.11957587x1024
    1.01x1019
    9.0511x10-6
    10.967
    85.578 K*
    2.6347x10-5 m*
    0.48641 m*
    1.0671x1022 kg*
    White Hole-Black Hole Sarkar modulation
    Birth of 1st galaxies like the Milky Way form as
    baryon seed for dark matter galaxies protostars
    manifest from ylem white hole-black hole coupling

    3.93425x10-4
    6.63948 My
    rss=2plss=6.283x1022
    3.19x1016
    5.07943x10-7
    49.421
    358.05 K*
    6.2973x10-6 m*
    0.99494 m*
    2.5504x1021 kg*
    Modular wormhole perimeter
    White Hole upper limit as wormhole sourcesink
    Eps begins to activate as black hole power sourcesink Ess dark matter galaxies geometry
    The time period from 16 seconds to 21 minutes in the evolution of the universe encompasses a time for the Hawking micro black holes increasing in mass from 1.7x1011 kg* to 1.0x1014 kg* corresponding to their temperatures decreasing from 5.10x1012 K* to 8.82x109 K*.
    Setting the nuclear density as rnuclearOR=3mc/4pRe3=3kBTHawking/4pGomcRylem2
    = 1.10545x1016 [kg/m3]* then calculates the density of a neutron star exhibiting electron degeneracy at the temperature regimes given by the ylem radius.

    As in this formulation the gravitational parameter is partitioned in.
    Gomc2=constant=G(n)XnM(n)Yn=G(n)XnmcYumcYv= for superscripts u+v=n for (XY)n=1, the mass evolution for the primordial nucleon mc=mplancka9=9.92472459x10-28 kg* must be considered. For the present time, the mc primordial nucleon has attained the scale of the measured neutron mass in mcYnpresent= 1.711753x10-27 kg*or 1.7053526x10-27 kgSI.

    As the leptonic ring masses are integrated into the quarkian kernel masses, the measured masses for the electron, muon and tauon remain constant subject to their energy variation in the Compton constant meRe=ha/2pc. Then, the nuclear densities calculated in the initial period of the cosmology will increase at later times as the effect of the mass evolution of the universe, transmuting Vortex-Potential Energy (VPE) as the UniPhysCon ‘physicalized consciousness energy’ of the original source energy for the creation event.
    The leptonic outer ring (OR) for the electron degeneracy then defines the nuclear densities for electron degenerate neutron stars being born as the from the spacetime vortices defined by Hawking-Gamow micro black holes.

    The mesonic inner ring inner (IR) reduces the scale of the classical electron radius by a factor of 1000 and defines the Higgs boson at that scale as the progeny of the RMP separated from the electron base scale in a factor of 100,000 as the dark matter particle of the cosmogenesis.
    The mesonic inner ring defines the neutron degeneracy for quark or proton stars coupled to the primordial neutron decay given in the inversion scale for the radial size of the universe as defined in the googolplex E-FGF’ in modular membrane mirror duality with the classical electron scale.

    As the strange wave quark is a resonance of the down wave quark in the oscillation potential between the kernel up wave quark K and the outer ring OR for the Compton constant and the energy scale for the classical electron; the neutron degeneracy is given in the entire range from the gluon-neutrino kernel of the QBBS-Dirac monopole singularity to the inner bound of the dark matter particle RMP at the 10-5 fermi scale.

    For electron degeneracy characteristic neutron star radii are in the range of the Compton radius Re/a to its modulation in Re/2pa to the modulated electron radius 2pRe as Hawking radii for micro black holes for temperatures from 5.92x109 K* to 3.72x1010 K* to 1.29x1011 K*. Typical neutron star radii as ylem radii range from 4,045.5 m* to 10,143.3 m* to 18,899.0 m* for respective neutron star masses from 1.64x1030 kg as 0.819 Msun to 4.11x1030 kg* as 2.05 Msun to 7.65x1030 kg* as 3.83 Msun respectively.

    The Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarves is approximated by the mass quantization M=Smss=Shfss/c2 and modulation M/Smss=h/mssc2=hfps/h=fps|mod=3x1030 as 1.50 MSun for a temperature of 1.98x1010 K* for a Hawking black hole micro-mass of 4.60x1013 kg* and a Gamow-Hawking ylem radius of 7,407.7 m*

    The charge radius of the proton is calculated as proportional to the classical electron radius as ½XRe=0.8583806x10-15 m* reduced from ½Re=1.388889x10-15 m* and reduced from XRe=1.7167606x10-15 m* as Hawking radii for the micro black holes for respective electron masses of 3.0064778x10-30 kg* and 1.858105x10-30 kg* and 1.50324x10-30 kg*.

    The nuclear densities for neutron degeneracy with increasing pressure from the surface density to the core density then calculate for respective Hawking radii for the micro black holes as:

    rnuclearOR=3mc/4pRe3=3kBTHawking/4pGomcRylem2=1.105x1016 [kg/m3]* for a
    temperature 8.117x1011 K* and ylem mass 1.92x1031 kg* as 9.60 Msun

    rnuclearX=3mcY3/4pRe3=3Y3kBTHawking/4pGomcRylem2=4.683x1016 [kg/m3]* for a
    temperature 1.313x1012 K* and ylem mass 2.44x1031 kg* as 12.20 Msun

    rnuclear½=24mc/4pRe3=24kBTHawking/4pGomcRylem2=8.844x1016 [kg/m3]* for a
    temperature 1.623x1012 K* and ylem mass 2.71x1031 kg* as 13.57 Msun

    rnuclear½X=24mcY3/4pRe3=24Y3kBTHawking/4pGomcRylem2=3.746x1017 [kg/m3]* for a
    temperature 2.627x1012 K* and ylem mass 3.45x1031 kg* as 17.26 Msun


    n-cycle coordinate and time​

    Radius as size of the universe
    Modulation factor
    Inversion Radius
    Cosmological Redshift
    Temperature
    Hawking Radius
    Ylem Radius
    Hawking micro-BH mass
    Cosmological Significance

    2.45458x10-13
    1.5130 days    ​

    3.92162x1013
    0.0124
    3.17040x10-16
    2.0184x106
    5.9229x109 K*
    3.80686x10-13 m*
    4,045.503 m*
    1.5418x1014 kg*
    RHawking=Re/α=Compton radius
    Electron degeneracy surface for neutron stars
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=1.64x1030 kg*/0.819Msun

    1.44329x10-13
    76,863.6 s*
    21.35 hours    ​

    2.30591x1013
    4.299x10-3
    1.86419x10-16
    2.6322x106
    8.8207x109 K*
    2.5562x10-13 m*
    4,938.271 m*
    1.0353x1014 kg*
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=2.00x1030 kg*/1..000Msun

    4.89513x10-14
    26,069.4 s*
    7.24 hours    ​

    7.82083x1012
    4.945x10-4
    6.32267x10-17
    4.5198x106
    1.9847x1010 K*
    1.1361x10-13 m*
    7,407.407 m*
    4.6011x1013 kg*
    Nuclear density ρnuc=3mcYn/4π{Re}3
    (1.105-1.907)x1016 [kg/m3]*
    Rylem=√{3kBT/4πGomcρnuc} for 1.5 MSun
    M=∑mss=∑hfss/c2 mass quantization for space quanta count
    M/Smss=h/mssc2=hfps/h=fpsλmod=3x1030 as 1.50 MSun

    2.11706x10-14
    11,274.58 s*
    3.132 hours    ​

    3.38237x1012
    9249x10-5
    2.73445x10-17
    6.8728x106
    3.7215x1010 K*
    6.05875x10-14 m*
    10,143.34 m*
    2.4538x1013 kg*
    RHawking=Re/2πα = Compton radius Ess modulation
    Electron degeneracy core for neutron stars
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=4.11x1030 kg*/2.054Msun

    4.02765x10-15
    2144.96 s*
    32.749 min    ​

    6.43488x1011
    3.348x10-6
    5.20221x10-18
    1.5757x107
    1.2919x1011 K*
    1.7453x10-14 m*
    18,899.00 m*
    7.0686x1012 kg*

    RHawking=2πRe Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=7.65x1030 kg*/3.827Msun

    2.160062x10-15
    1150.36 s*
    19.173 min    ​

    RF=∛F(λweyl/2π)=3.45107750x1011
    9.6x10-7
    Rf=2.78999x10-18
    2.15163x107
    2.0614x1011 K*

    1.0938x10-14 m*
    23,872.87 m*
    4.4299x1012 kg*
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=9.67x1030 kg*/4.834Msun

    2.122808x10-15
    1130.52 s*
    18.8420 min    ​

    RG=∛G(λweyl/2π)=3.39155801x1011
    9.3x10-7
    Rg=2.74187x10-18
    2.17042x107
    2.0885x1011 K*
    1.0796x10-14 m*
    24,029.28 m*
    4.3724x1012 kg*
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=9.73x1030 kg*/4.866Msun

    2.084198x10-15
    1109.96 s*
    18.499 min    ​

    RF’=∛F’)(λweyl/2π)=3.32987275x1011
    9.0x10-7
    Rf’=2.69200x10-18
    2.19044x107
    2.1175x1011 K*
    1.0648x10-14 m*
    24,195.54 m*
    4.3125x1012 kg*
    Primordial neutron decay: λF’-2πλRMP
    (1109.96-229.82) s* = 880.14 s*/879.28 s
    from Higgs Boson with RMP template
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=9.80x1030 kg*/4.900Msun

    ​








    8.75370x10-16
    466.186 s*
    7.770 min    ​

    1.39856x1011
    1.6x10-7
    1.13065x10-18
    3.89284x107
    4.05858x1011 K*
    5.55556x10-15 m*
    33,497.33 m*
    2.2500x1012 kg*
    RHawking=2Re
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=1.3566x1031 kg*/6.78Msun

    ​








    ​








    4.315415x10-16
    229.821 s*
    3.8304 min    ​

    Rneutrondecay=6.8946323x1010

    3.8x10-8
    2πλRMP=4π2RRMP
    =5.5738976x10-19
    4.81381x107
    6.89874x1011 K*
    MHawking=2.792x1037
    THawking=3.2703x10-14
    3.2684x10-15 m*
    43,672.54 m*
    1.3237x1012 kg*
    Beginning of neutron decay
    from Higgs Boson with RMP template
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=1.77x1031 kg*/8.844Msun

    3.473914x10-16
    185.006 s*
    3.083 min    ​

    5.550187x1010
    2.5x10-8
    4.486994x10-19
    5.36526x107
    8.11715x1011 K*
    2.7778x10-15 m*
    47,372.40 m*
    1.1250x1012 kg*

    RHawking=Re
    Nuclear density ρnuc=3mcYn/4π{Re}3
    (1.105-1.907)x1016 [kg/m3]*
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=1.92x1031 kg*/9.593Msun

    1.828887x10-16
    97.398 s*
    1.623 min    ​

    2.921968x1010
    6.9x10-9
    2.362236x10-19
    7.39446x107
    1.3134x1012 K*
    1.7168x10-15 m*
    60,257.94 m*
    6.9529x1011 kg*
    RHawking=XRe=Protonic diameter
    Nuclear density ρnuc=3mcYn/4π{XRe}3
    (4.683-8.077)x1016 [kg/m3]*
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=2.44x1031 kg*/12.202Msun

    1.378658x10-16
    73.422 s*
    1.224 min    ​

    2.202648x1010
    3.9x10-9
    1.780709x10-19
    8.51671x107
    1.6234x1012 K*
    1.3889x10-15 m*
    66,994.07 m*
    5.6250x1011 kg*
    RHawking=½Re
    Nuclear density ρnuc=3mcYn/4π{½Re}3
    (8.844-15.253)x1016 [kg/m3]*
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=2.71x1031 kg*/13.566Msun

    7.257512x10-17
    38.650 s*
    ​

    1.159515x1010
    1.1x10-9
    9.37398x10-20
    1.17383x108
    2.6268x1012 K*
    8.5838x10-16 m*
    85,218.27 m*
    3.4764x1011 kg*
    RHawking=½XRe
    Nuclear density ρnuc=3mcYn/4π{½XRe}3
    (3.746-6.461)x1017 [kg/m3]*
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=3.45x1031 kg*/17.257Msun

    2.9962x10-17
    15.957 s*    ​

    4.78696x109
    1.9x10-10
    3.86997x10-20
    1.82690x108
    5.1002x1012 K*
    4.42097x10-16 m*
    118,744.56 m*
    1.7905x1011 kg*
    RHawking=Re/2π Ess modulation
    Neutron degeneracy
    Rylem=Rcurv for Mylem=4.81x1031 kg*/24.05Msun

    supernova2. supernova3. morph7. ​
     
    Last edited: Dec 25, 2021
    admin, Nov 11, 2021
    #12
  3. admin

    admin Well-Known Member Staff Member

    Messages:
    3,756
    X: Primordial Neutron Decay from Higgs Boson – RMP/DM Quantum Geometry
    The Higgs boson with a scalar Higgs scalar neutrino in the conformal mapping of the QBBS onto the cosmology

    As the universe reached an age between 1130-1150 seconds, a 20 second period from the 18 minute 50 second marker manifested primordial radioactive beta-minus decay in the decomposition of a lefthanded ylemic neutron into its constituent parts of a lefthanded proton with a lefthanded electron and a righthanded antineutrino. As this process is a weak nuclear interaction (WNI) a coupling to the strong nuclear interaction (SNI) was made manifest in the ylemic neutron star’s core transforming the quark content of the ylemic neutron in the interaction with gluons and crystallizing the force carrying bosons for the WNI and the SNI as weakon bosons (W- for matter and W+ for antimatter and Zo for uncharged matter) and gluons, respectively.

    Neutron decay depends on the relative movement of the neutron with respect to their environment. The measured discrepancy in the mean lifetime of free neutrons of about 9 seconds using either a ‘proton trap bottle’ or a ‘proton beam’ counter of 879 and 888 seconds respectively, so engages the definition of the RMP as being coupled to the Higgs Boson in the matter template YCM.

    Higgs Boson 72.93Ynp=125.78 GeV*/125.48 GeV with RMP dark matter excess=126.95/125.78=1.0093 for Mean D time ½(G-F’)=10.28 s*
    Higgs Boson 71.020Ynp=122.49 GeV*/122.19 GeV with RMP -dark matter deficit=122.49/123.57=0.9913 for Mean D time ½(F-G)=9.92 s*

    ½{F-G}={1150.36-1130.52}=9.92 seconds for the dark matter/RMP deficit in the stated 20 second period for the primordial neutron decay as {1109.96-229.82}=880.14 seconds ½{G-F’}={1130.52-1109.96}=10.28 seconds for the dark matter/RMP excess in the stated 20 second period for the primordial neutron decay as {1109.96-229.82}=880.14 seconds
    The decoupling of the RMP from the Higgs Boson introduced the colourless Graviphoton as the spin conserver in the UfoQR to preserve the spin neutrality of the Higgs Boson in the lefthanded RMP with the righthanded Graviphoton.
    The RMP is the dark matter particle in the Higgs field and is defined in the units of the gravitational parameter as a space quanta volumar acted upon by the time differential of frequency df/dt as a form of quantum spin angular acceleration.
    The primordial neutron decay in the first 20 minutes of the QBBS universe became triggered in the initial boundary conditions defined in the space quanta counters E, F and G, with the manifestation of the Dirac monopole singularity as the wavelength l*=c/f*=4.087933536x1014 m* for radius R*=l*/2p =R(n*=Hot*’=4.072259032x10-13) =6.506148293x1013 m* for a time t*’=216,871.61 s* or 2.51 mean solar days into the expansion and thermodynamic evolution of the universe.
    The Riemann hyperspheres of the instanton-inflaton evolutionary light path correspond to the quantum geometry inherent in the QBBS.
    RE=∛E)(λweyl/2π)=3.43597108x1014 m* for a time
    tE=nE/Ho=2.1506x10-12/Ho=1,145,323.7 s* or 318.145 hours
    and a temperature TE=1.163x109 K*from T(n)=∜{{Ho3Mo/1100π2σSB}.{(n+1)2/n3}} corresponds to Re=2.7777x10-15 m* in the ratio Re/RE=8.0844x10-30

    RF=∛F)(λweyl/2π)=3.45107750x1011 m* for a time tF=nF/Ho=2.1601x10-15/Ho=1150.36 s* or 19.17 minutes
    and a temperature TE=2.0614x1011 K* corresponds to RHBlower=Re{RF/RE}=2.789990x10-18 m* in the upper bound for the Higgs Boson HB
    for a Compton mass mHBlower=h/(2pcRHBlower)=1.26766x10-25 kg* or 71.020 GeV*
    increasing to 71.020(Ynp)= 122.491 GeV* for np=1.132711

    RG=∛G)(λweyl/2π)=3.39155801x1011 m* for a time
    tG=nG/Ho=2.1228x10-15/Ho=1130.52 s* or 18.84 minutes and a temperature TE=2.0885x1011 K* corresponds to RHBmean=Re{RG/RE}=2.741872x10-18 m* in the mean mirror value for the Higgs Boson
    for a Compton mass mHBmean=h/(2pcRHBmean)=1.28991x10-25 kg* or 72.266 GeV*
    increasing to 72.266(Ynp)= 124.640 GeV* for np=1.132711

    For F’=(2G-F)=9.158461354x10102 space quanta = RF’=∛F’)(λweyl/2π)=3.32987275x1011 m* for a time
    tF’=nF’/Ho=2.0842x10-15/Ho=1109.96 s* or 18.50 minutes
    and a temperature TE=2.1173x1011 K* corresponds to RHBlower=Re{RF’/RE}=2.6920000x10-18 m* in the lower bound for the Higgs Boson
    for a Compton mass mHBupper=h/(2pcRHBupper)=1.31381x10-25 Kg* or 73.605 GeV*
    increasing to GeV* for np=1.132711
    increasing to 73.605(Ynp)= 126.950 GeV* for np=1.132711

    HB1.
    higgs.
    HB.

    ndecay.

    sphinxred. ​
     
    Last edited: Dec 25, 2021
    admin, Nov 11, 2021
    #13
  4. admin

    admin Well-Known Member Staff Member

    Messages:
    3,756
    XI: Initial Boundary Conditions for Matter-Antimatter Asymmetry

    Timespace of imaginary space, created the initial boundary condition for the QBBS to manifest in the instanton-inflaton quantum entangled coupling in a higher dimensional parameter space of the mathimatia.

    Five string classes transformed into each other under properties of modular dualities in the string epoch beginning with the ‘bounce’ of the Planck length at a then defined timespace coordinate of √aLplanck/c=√a tplanck=√{(hGo/2pc5)(2pkee2/hc)} =√{Gokee2/c6)}=e/c3=5.9498383x10-45 s* for the finestructure unification condition {Goke=1} between the electromagnetic and gravitational interactions; and ending at the instanton of tweyl=3.333x10-31 s*.

    The heterotic classes allow the 5 bosonic strings to emerge from a 26-dimensional boson string space, where 10 clockwise string rotations are emergent in a 10-dimensional string spacetime and where 16 anti-clockwise rotation are suppressed.
    The Planck boson in timespace then is known as the Planck string of class I of open strings at a time tplanck=2πrplanck/c=4.376x10-43 s*; the second a closed monopole string of self-dual class IIB at a time tmonopole=2πrmonopole/c=1.537x10-40; the third the closed XL-Boson heterotic class HO(32) at time tXL=2πrXL/c =2.202x10-39 s*; the fourth the closed Ecosmic Ray-Boson string of class IIA at time tEcosmic=2πrEcosmic=6.618x10-34 s* and the fifth the closed heterotic class HE(64) of the instanton.

    A ‘false Higgs Boson’ vacuum at a time interval from tdBmin=GoMo/c3nps=4.672x10-33 s* to tdBmax=√αtweyl=2.847x10-32 s* preceded the instanton in the timespace to image the start of the timespace string epoch in the ‘bounce’ or quantum fluctuation of the Planck time in the ‘quantum oscillation’ of the Weyl time.
    Following the creation of spacetime in the instanton, the Weyl parameters of the spacetime could integrate and manifest the primary source energy definitions of the mathimatia parameter space and using the string modular properties for that purpose.

    One of those properties relates to the modular inversion of displacement in string T-duality, strongly associated with Mirror duality to connect the shadow-mirror universe Abba-Khaibit to the physicalized universe Friedmann-Baab.
    The quantum entanglement between the two universes under modular string-membrane duality assumes the form of a supermembrane manifesting as a surface information agent in the two-sidedness of the Witten-Maria mirror of the 11-dimensional boundary between Khaibit-Universe-Energy-Primary-Source-Sink or Eps and Riemann-Universe-Energy-Secondary-Sink-Source or Ess.

    morph8.
    ​

    The supermembrane EpsEss is the coupled under modular string-membrane duality in:

    1. EpsxEss=hfpsxhfss=h2 with quantum energies Eps=hfps=hc/lps= hc/2prps=mpsc2=kTps=1/e* and Ess=hfss=h/clss= 2ph/crss=mssc2=kTss=h2e*
    2. Eps/Ess=hfps/hfss=fps2=1/fss2 with the inversion displacement coupling fpslps=c=1/{fsslss} of modular T-Mirror duality
    3. and descriptive for 9x1060 frequency permutation states for the universal physicalized consciousness quantum, the Uniphyscon defining Dirac’s monopole.
    4. The wormhole radius rps=lps/2p and wavelength lps=2prps=10-22 m* for a high quantum energy Eps and a small winding string mode
    5. The anti-wormhole radius rss=1/rps=2plss=2px1022 m* and wavelength lss=2prss for a low quantum energy Ess and a great winding string mode


    Quantum mechanics of a string physics of the very small so is characterized by a small wavelength and radius r of atomic and subatomic structures, but this radius r is shown to be equivalent to a classical mechanics of extended objects of inverted radius 1/r in terms of the winding modes interchanging under T-duality.

    A low winding number relative to a small radius rps=1/R can describe a physics equivalent to that physics of the same radius r with a large winding number, as the unwinding of the multiplicity of the perimeter of the circle radius r, would increase the radius rps=1/R to a multiple of 1/R and so increase the radius to 2pn.rps=R=rss of classical objects. For the supermembrane EpsEss, the winding number becomes the coupling constant Eps/Ess=fps/fss=9x1060 as the maximum permutation frequency state as the self-state or resonance eigenvalue of the unification physics connecting the microcosmos of quantum relativity to the classical universe of general relativity with special relativity.

    The Möbian connectivity of the 11-dimensional Witten-Maria mirror manifests in the timespace of the superstring epoch in the form of the quantum relative blueprints and the doubling of a Möbian surface in changing the one-sidedness to a two-sidedness in a double rotation or twist extending a 360-degree rotation to a 720-degree rotation to return to an initial state, known as a spinor.
    A two-sided ring of width w and radius r so has two surface areas 2prw as an inner and an outer. Cutting the ring and twisting one end by 180 degrees, before gluing it back to the other end of the ring will connect the previously separated surfaces to one surface of total length 4pr and surface area 4prw. A spinor pointing perpendicular to the width would then change direction after one full rotation because of the twist and require and more rotation to return to the initial starting position. Righthandedness becomes left-handedness after a 360-degree rotation and becomes righthanded again after another 360-degree rotation.

    This property of a geometric topological transformation from an orientable geometric object like a ring into a non-orientable object like a Möbius strip became the basis for the quantum geometry of fundamental particles blueprinted in the supersymmetry of the timespace.
    Five-gauge Goldstone bosons as the ‘force carrying’ field particles broke the supersymmetry of the unification of five interaction fields:


    #
    Gauge Boson
    Colour Charge
    Spin
    Field

    1
    Eps-Photon
    Cyclic RGB
    +1
    EMI

    2
    Ess-Antiphoton
    Anticyclic BGR
    +1
    WNI

    3
    Graviton
    Anticyclic BGR
    -2
    GI

    4
    Gluon
    Cyclic RGB
    +1
    SNI

    5
    Restmass-Photon
    Cyclic Y2C2M2
    -1
    EMMI

    6
    Higgs-Boson
    Cyclic Y2C2M2
    0
    EMMI
     
    Dirac Monopole Mirror    		   

    7
    Anti-Higgs Boson
    Anticyclic
    M2C2Y2
    0
    Imaginary EMMI

    8
    Anti-Restmass-Photon
    Anticyclic
    M2C2Y2
    +1
    Imaginary EMMI

    9
    Anti-Gluon
    Anticyclic BGR
    -1
    Imaginary
    SNI

    10
    Anti-Graviton
    Cyclic RGB
    +2
    Imaginary
    GI

    11
    Ess-Photon
    Cyclic RGB
    -1
    Imaginary
    WNI

    12
    Eps-Antiphoton
    Anticyclic BGR
    -1
    Imaginary
    EMI
    The cyclic right-handed Eps-Photon of Monopolar Radiation EMMR for the long-range Electromagnetic Interaction (EMI) is known as the ‘virtual’ photon of U(1)-SU(2)-SU(3) Unitary gauge symmetry of the Standard Model of particle physics combining Quantum Field Theory (QFT) in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) with Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
    Its anti-particle would so be an anticyclic left-handed Ess-Photon in the supersymmetry of the Unified Field of Quantum Relativity (UFoQR).

    The Quantum Relativity derives from the geometric topology creating and defining the elementary particle and gauge bosons in their quantum geometry in the timespace and preceding the string-membrane epoch in the Mathimatia.
    The cyclic RGB on one side of the Möbian strip would interact with its own image of the one-sidedness, however separated by the point-circle of the one-dimensional thickness of the Möbian geometry in the spacelessness or imaginary space of timespace.

    Radiationmass1.
    ​
    ​

    The self-intersection of the Eps-Photon with its antistate of the Ess-Antiphoton through a membrane mirror of no thickness would mix the Red-Green-Blue cyclic colour triplet on one side of the mirror as a cyclic Eps rotation RGB=GBR=BRG in three successive 120-degree angular displacements.
    Relative to Ess, this movement would be identical in the quantum self-relativity of rotating from RGB to GBR to BGR, but relative to the other side of the mirror the movement would be anticyclic.

    The colour charge triplet RGB is defined in the parameters of EMR as Planck’s Law E=hf and ‘light’ and in parameters of mass as Einstein’s Law E=mc2 or ‘dark’. Electromagnetically Red, Green and Blue in equal proportions result in in the colour White and colour in the matter of paint in equal proportions result in the colour Black in thew colour charge triplet Yellow-Cyan-Magenta or YCM.

    In the SU(3) gauge symmetry of QCD, the eight forms of the gluon, transmitting the force of the strong nuclear interaction reduce to one gluon agent in 8 and 4 permutation states.
    For hadrons, like nucleons like the proton and the neutron, and constructed by three quarks, the eight gluon permutations transform a pure Black triplet into a pure White triplet in the set: {BBB+BBW+WBB+BWB+WBW+WWB+BWW+WWW}.
    For mesons and other quark-antiquark state particles the four gluon permutation states are the set: {BB+BW+WB+WW}.

    The primary colour charge triplet RGB then forms a radiation-matter interaction super template with the secondary colour charge triplet YCM in the Black-White resonances given in the colour-anticolour couplings Red+Cyan=W or B and Green+Magenta= W or W and Blue+Yellow=W or B via E=hf for W or E=mc2 for B, respectively.

    The original YCM blueprint for matter was created by a half-rotation in the 60°-120° sector where the colour charge interaction (R+G)(G+B)(B+R)=YCM=CMY=MYC, was followed by the second half-rotation in the 240°-300° sector from the inflexion point of 180° manifesting in spacetime as the Möbian twist of 180° to change the orientability of the Möbian topology to non-orientable.

    The colour charges of both the self-relative sources Eps and Ess inflexed to Blue-Green-Red to give the antimatter template (B+G)(G+R)(R+B)=CYM=YMC=MCY.
    At the completion of the 360° rotation, only the primary gauge photon Eps inflected back to its starting position of a cyclic right-handedness, the secondary gauge photon Ess broke the gauge supersymmetry in continuing with its cyclic right-handedness so creating the necessity for the birth of the graviton as a spinor of double integer spin to reset the gauge symmetry in the timespace.

    This resulted in the suppression of the antimatter template MCY as the mirror of the mass eigenstate to the eigenstate of the BGR anti-EMMR blueprint.
    The breaking of the gauge symmetry at the inflexion points of 0°-180°-360° differentiated the even p-nodes at 0 and 2p radians from the odd p-nodes at p radians in defining the even nodes in RGB and as an anti-neutrino template R2G2B2 and the odd nodes in BGR and as neutrino template B2G2R2.

    The original ‘short-range’ wave function for the EMMI of quantum spin +1 at the origin with the original wave function for the Anti-EMMI of quantum spin -1 and inflecting at the 180°-p node in the UFoQR as UFoQR(x)=sin(x)+sin(-x), now took the ‘long-range’ form UFoQR(x)=sin(3x/2)-cos(3x/4) in Eps continuing to inflect at odd p-nodes and intersecting with the graviton wave function in lieu of the now suppressed Anti-EMMI wave function, effectively retracing the path of Eps with a phase shift of 2p or 360°.
    The combined wave function of the EMI and the GI then repeats its waveform in a periodicity of 8p radians or 1440° and intersects in 12 coordinates to define the materialization of particles and anti-particles in the combined wave path of 4lps or four times the Weyl wormhole perimeter manifesting in the QBBS spacetime of the instanton-inflaton.

    The 2nd intersection or current node in the UFoQR then defines a Y2C2M2 template for the Higgs Boson of 0 spin and the 4th current junction defines the Anti-Higgs Boson of 0 spin as the M2C2Y2 blueprint.
    As the coordinates for the 1st and 2nd, the 3rd and 4th to the 5th junction nodes are 120° and 288.5° and 360° and 431.5° and 600° respectively to encompass the Weak Nuclear Interaction (WNI) part of the UFoQR in coupling the matter loops to the antimatter loops; two additional Y2C2M2 and M2C2Y2 templates are made manifest as the blueprints for the Restmass-Photon RMP of spin=-1 at the 200° coordinate and the Anti-RMP of spin=+1 at the 520° coordinate.

    The templates for the creation of particles in the spacetime from the timespace so allows the bosonic integral boson-spins to bifurcate into fermionic half-integer spins for any YCM or MCY created particle pairs, such as an ylemic YCM Gamow neutron boson of spin=+1 splitting into two neutrons of spin=+½ in conjugate or parallel action of an ylemic MCY Gamow anti-neutron boson with spin=-1 splitting into two fermionic neutrons of spins -½-½. But this standard scenario of the Big Bang cosmology infers the equal status between matter and antimatter for the cosmogenesis.

    The antimatter template MCY remains suppressed as a function of the anti-EMMI template, which also internalizes the anti-RMP and the anti-Higgs bosons into the UFoQR.
    So, it is the Higgs Boson which manifests the elementary particles of the cosmogenesis in splitting its Y2C2M2 matter template into an ylemic YCM Gamow neutron pair with opposite spins +½-½=0. This gives the reason as to why no normally occurring antimatter is observed in the universe, apart from the process of pair-creation defined in the UfoQR between junction nodes 8-9-10 at coordinates of -528.5°-360°-191.5°.

    morph5.

    UFoQR. ​
    The graviton must have spin 2 because of quantum angular momentum conservation.​

    Before spacetime creation in the instanton of the quantum Big Bang, the transformation of the five string classes manifested in the inflaton using a prior supersymmetry between matter- and antimatter templates., represented in say sinx+sin(-x)=0 and where the positive region becomes a quantum geometric matter conformal mapping, and the negative region becomes its conjugative for antimatter. As the linearization of the circle inflects at 180 degrees, matter and antimatter become defined in adjacent clockwise and anticlockwise semi cyclicities.

    If now the arbitrary boundaries are defined in some unitary interval between 0 and 360 degrees or [-∞,0,+∞] or [-1,0,+1] or [0,½,1] or [-(X+1),-½,X]; then the left boundary dynamics of say righthandedness cancels the right boundary dynamic of left-handedness throughout the 2 semi cycles, say described in a Möbian connectivity and topology of surface non-orientability in a conformal mapping of a 2D surface onto a 11D supermembrane in a membrane-mirror space.

    After the completion of a full cycle, the matter- and antimatter templates exist in the membrane space of the inflaton, say as a supersymmetry between the righthanded electromagnetic monopolar radiation (EMMR) and its antistate in a lefthanded electromagnetic monopolar antiradiation. This supersymmetry between radiative self-states precedes any possible supersymmetry between the matter and antimatter blueprints, as the dynamic of the EMMR eigenstate defines the former as a secondary manifestation of potential manifestation, once the instanton of spacetime creation supersedes that of the prior string-brane epoch.
    To realize the matter-antimatter potential, the completion of the full EMMR cycle breaks its own supersymmetry in the exchange of the right- and left boundary and initial conditions. The original righthanded (Weyl-gauge photon say of the left mirror) now situated at the right mirror extends the unitary interval towards the positive abscissa (aleph null enumerability) and inflects its anticlockwise parity into its original clockwise parity or chirality.
    The original Weyl-antiphoton from the right mirror, now situated at the left mirror retraces the path of the Weyl-gauge photon however and so does not inflect and so creates the necessity to negate two clockwise quantum spins by a doubled anticlockwise spin angular momentum.

    This demands the birth of quantum gravity and of its gauge agent of the graviton in the formation of a new universal wavefunction traversing in the opposite direction of the now twinned electromagnetic monopolar propagation of the original emmr supersymmetry.
    A consequence of this 'changing of the fundamental supersymmetry' becomes the restriction of any matter-antimatter symmetry to become confined to the concept of pair production in the presence of existing matter or antimatter in Nonparity.

    Defining matter to couple in a Goldstone gauge boson form to the original Weyl-photon (RGB) then forces the Weyl-antiphoton (anticyclic BGR) to suppress the antimatter (MCY anticyclic to matter YCM) template in lieu of a 'twinned' emergent blueprint known as the scalar 0-spin Higgs Boson (Y2C2M2).

    Imagine a Möbian strip without thickness und so restricted to be two dimensional. The perimeter of the quasi-inner ring so defines a self-intersection with its quasi-outer ring and depicts half of the total 2D-space of the Möbius strip for the inflection at 180 degrees. Then the Möbian strip breaks its own non-orientable nature and symmetry to create the 3rd dimension as a form of the Dirac string rotating in the 2-dimensional XY-plane to manifest the orthogonal z-direction in the torque of the angular momentum vector.

    The second parameter space can now become orientable (without the Möbian twist of 180 degrees) and the self-relativity of the first part becomes now 3-dimensional relative and allows a new mixing of the tripartite sectors of the quantum chromodynamics of the constituent Goldstone bosons. From this point in the cosmogony onwards an older non-manifested matter antimatter supersymmetry can eventuate in the observed pair-production, being otherwise suppressed by the earlier radiation-antiradiation supersymmetry described.


     
    Last edited: Jan 15, 2022
    admin, Nov 11, 2021
    #14
  5. admin

    admin Well-Known Member Staff Member

    Messages:
    3,756
    The Antimatter - Matter Asymmetry as effect of Quantum Geometry in Diquarks

    A contemporary 'controversy' and mystery in the Standard Model compares charged B-meson decay CP parity violation with uncharged B-mesons in the quest to solve the matter-antimatter asymmetry.

    Antimatter Mystery Continues To Perplex Scientists (forbes.com)
    https://www.forbes.com/sites/drdonl...tter-mystery-continues-to-perplex-scientists/

    The answer is the nature of the 2nd and 3rd quark families. The c, b and t quarks are diquarks.
    There was no antimatter at the Quantum Big Bang Singularity event (Timespace instanton triggering a Spacetime inflaton). So called supersymmetry is inherent in the pre-spacetime boundary conditions defined in the Dirac String/Monopole.

    https://www.bitchute.com/video/WABQpOJawitJ/ 2

    The charged B-mesons have only an internal integer charged ring/antiring structure manifesting their structure say bubar=[ud]bar.ubar=ubar.dbar.ubar or bbaru=[ud]u as antiproton or proton quantum quark geometry of the internal down/antidown quark manifesting the weakon ring charge as the interaction transmitter.
    The single ring/antiring structure manifests a c-quark component (ucbar or ubarc). The neutral B-mesons say bdbar=ubar.dbar.dbar or bbard=[ud]d manifest the neutral (anti)neutron/lambda quantum geometry and therefore suppress the matter-antimatter divergence in the weakon kernel-inner ring /down-outer ring/strange oscillations. The two ring/antiring components cancel.

    Ten DIQUARK quark-mass-levels crystallize, including a VPE-level for the K-IR transition and a VPE-level for the IR-OR transition:

    The K-Means define individual materializing families of elementary particles:
    a (UP/DOWN-Mean) sets the (PION-FAMILY: πo, π+, π-).
    a (STRANGE-Mean) specifies the (KAON-FAMILY: Ko, K+, K-).
    a (CHARM-Mean) defines the (J/PSI=J/Ψ-Charmonium-FAMILY).
    a (BEAUTY-Mean) sets the (UPSILON=Y-Bottonium-FAMILY).
    a (MAGIC-Mean) specifies the (EPSILON=E-FAMILY).
    a (DAINTY-Mean) bases the (OMICRON-Ο-FAMILY).
    a (TRUTH-Mean) sets the (KOPPA=Κ-Topomium-FAMILY) and
    a (SUPER-Mean) defines the final quark state in the (HIGGS/CHI=H/Χ-FAMILY).

    neutrinoweakon1.
    neutrinoweakon2.
    uds-.
    The importance of the uds-lambda quantum geometry

    alephghayin_aw.


    kernels. ​
     
    Last edited: Mar 27, 2022
    admin, Nov 11, 2021
    #15
  6. admin

    admin Well-Known Member Staff Member

    Messages:
    3,756
    {1} Matter interacts with antimatter-based Neutrinos in Majorana-Dirac Electron Capture

    electron1. electron2. electron3.
    ​

    An Electron in the inner atomic nucleus is captured by a proton to create a neutron accompanied by an electron neutrino.
    This requires a u-quark of the proton to transform into a d-quark of the neutron. As the d-quark is a KIR quark of inner mesonic ring of electro charge [+2/3] coupled to the MIR of electro charge [-1], a W- weakon must be engaged to couple to a left-handed proton via the Nonparity of the weak nuclear interaction. However, in electron capture a left-handed electron neutrino is emitted, requiring the interaction of a W+ weakon as the kernel gauge for any such right-handed antimatter weak decay.

    So should the interacting electron initiate electron capture then a W- becomes the bosonic partner for the interaction; but if it is the interacting proton, then a W+ should become the weak interaction agent to neutralize its positive electric charge with the negative electric charge of the interacting electron.

    The interaction of matter and anti-matter in the form of the weak interaction bosons and their associated anti-neutrinos and neutrinos can however be shown to result from a basic kernel-ring interaction of the anti-neutrinos and neutrinos as both Majorana particles and as Dirac particles.
    Majorana particles are their own anti-particles allowing identification of right-handed antineutrinos as left-handed neutrinos in the base templated or massless self-state.
    Dirac particles distinguish right-handed anti-neutrinos from left-handed neutrinos due their mass and inertia in their native oscillation potential.

    For a left-handed proton u[-½]d[+½]u[-½] and a left-handed electron e-[-½], the W- consisting of a right-handed electron and a right-handed anti-neutrino initiates the KIR-Oscillation from the Anti-Neutrino-Gluon kernel of the up quark in coupling it to the OR part of the W-. The colourless Graviphoton, GP or Gγ rendering the 'virtuality' of the W- as physically real in neutralizing the bosonic weakon spin, which 'flips' the right-handed anti-neutrino into a left-handed neutrino observed.

    Proton p+[-½] + Electron e-[-½]
    ⇒ p+[-½] + OR-[-½]* + ({Electron e-[+½] + Antiνelectron[+½]}W- + Graviphoton[-1])
    ⇒ d[+½]u[-½]{u[-½] + IR-[0]}*{KIR-Oscillation (OR-IR)o[-½] + W-[+1] + GP[-1]}
    ⇒ d[+½]u[-½]d[-½] + {(OR-IR)o[0] + Antiνelectron[+½] + GP[-1]} ⇒ no[-½] + νelectron[-½]

    with the KIR-Oscillation transferring the interacting left-handed electron charge -1 without spin in the OR-IR-K for the IR-K up-down quark transformation {+2/3-1=-1/3} and neutralizing the weakon associated intrinsic right-handed electron spin as +½-½=0 for the remaining OR-IR transition.
    The neutron is cyclically delinearized from spin self-state d[+½]u[-½]d[-½] into the triplet configuration YCM=CMY=MYC as d[-½]u[+½]d[-½].

    A Magneto axis symmetric Proton K(KIR)K transforms into Magneto axis symmetric Neutron KIR(K)KIR as one of the proton's end Kernel up-quarks 'captures' the Weakonic VPE scalar OR- Electron Outer Ring in the Unified Field of Quantum Relativity. It is in fact a W-, that interacts, but coupling to the left-handed electron instead of the left-handed proton, the latter requiring some coupling to the W+ weakon in the quantum field to materialize the electron neutrino from the W+ template in a direct fashion and not as the Majorana-Dirac 'flip' initiated by the W- from before. It is the W+ intrinsic positron which is 'flipped' to 'free' the materializing neutrino from the W+ weakon base state.
    But as the resultant Outer Ring - Inner Ring remnant {(OR-IR)+[0]} is positively charged and not charge neutral as was the case for the previous W- weakon interaction; the W+ weakon from the proton is suppressed in electron capture in favour of the W- weakon from the electron.

    Proton p+[-½] + Electron e-[-½] ⇒
    p+[-½] + IR-[-½] + ({Positron e+[-½] + νelectron[-½]}W+ + Graviphoton[+1])
    ⇒ d[+½]u[-½]{u[-½] + IR-[0]}*{KIR-Oscillation (OR-IR)o[-½] + e+[+½] + velectron[-½]}
    ⇒ d[+½]u[-½]d[-½] + {(OR-IR)+[0]} + νelectron[-½] ⇒ no[+½] + νelectron[-½] + {(OR-IR)+[0]}
    The W- then supplies the required KIR for the up-quark to down-quark transmutation with the gauge spin neutralizer of the left-handed Graviphoton [-1] flipping the right-handed electron antineutrino constituent of the W- into its anti-particular form of a left-handed electron neutrino as a Majorana self-state transforming into a Dirac self-state.

    Electron capture so displays the Majorana nature of the two base neutrinos of the electron positron and muon-antimuon definition in their massless gauge nature when engaged in the direct interaction or 'tapping' of the UFoQR in the Vortex-Potential-Energy or VPE/ZPE in R2G2B2[+½] + B2G2R2[-½] = BY2B[0]=GM2G[0]=RC2R[0] = VPE[0].

    An Anti-Neutrino template R2G2B2[+½] = W2[+½] = B2G2R2[-½] + GP[+1] as Neutrino template in E=hf radiative 'White'-eigen energy and being undifferentiated between the particle and anti-particular
    energy eigen state under the application of the spin symmetry of the 'flipping' 'white' Graviphoton.

    The Dirac nature of the base neutrinos then can be said to apply to all (anti)neutrinos carrying mass in their oscillation potential and properties exhibited in their wave mechanical dynamics manifested in the Anti-Neutrino template R2G2B2[+½] being the anti-state for the Neutrino template B2G2R2[-½] and without or following the Graviphoton 'flip'.

    morph3. ​



    CP violation in the weak nuclear interaction

    The difference between matter and antimatter subsequently derives from the difference between the Outer Ring charge of the W+ for antimatter and the W- for matter and so becomes related to the nature of constituent neutrinos and anti-neutrinos in the Kernel-Ring oscillations respectively.

    The described gluon-anti-neutrino-electron oscillation from Kernel to mesonic IR to leptonic OR so becomes an inherent supersymmetry between bosonic gluons and fermionic (anti)neutrinos manifesting in the weak interaction and its associated parity violations in Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry.

    All quark-antiquark states engaging outer ring oscillations, such as the neutral kaon pairing
    d.sbar and dbar.s and bottom quark energy states such as b.sbar =(ud)bar.sbar = so will exhibit a difference between matter and antimatter.

    For matter IR with antimatter ORbar, for the neutral kaon Ko oscillates from its kernel VPE K.Kbar or u.ubar a matter IR to an antimatter ORbar for the antimatter weakon:

    Ko = d.sbar = [K+IR].[Kbar+ORbar] = [K.Kbar][0]+[IR*ORbar][0] = [K.Kbar][0]+[IR*{ORbar+νelectron][-1]}W+ + Gγ[+1] ⇒ {u.ubar+d.dbar or u.dbar+ubar.d} + [-½-½+1] {strong weak anti-gluon-neutrino kernel-ring interaction suppressing any lepton decay products}
    ⇒ {πo+πo or π++π-} ⇒ Kshorto or
    ⇒ {ubar.d+e+[½] + νelectron[-½]} ⇒ π-[0] + e+[½]+νelectron[-½] ⇒ Klongo , if the W+ manifests from its quantum geometric VPE structure in an ORbar-IR oscillation.

    For antimatter IRbar with matter OR, for the neutral kaon Kobar oscillates from its kernel VPE K.Kbar or u.ubar an antimatter IRbar to a matter OR for the matter weakon:

    Ko = dbar.s = [Kbar+IRbar].[K+OR] = [K.Kbar][0]+[IRbar*OR][0] = [K.Kbar][0]+[IRbar{OR+antiνelectron][+1]}W- + Gγ[-1]
    ⇒ {u.ubar+d.dbar or u.dbar+ubar.d} + {strong weak gluon-anti-neutrino kernel-ring interaction suppressing any lepton decay products}[-½-½+1]}
    ⇒ {πo+πo or π++π-} ⇒ Kshorto or
    ⇒ {u.dbar+e[-½] + antiνelectron[½]} ⇒ π+[0] + e-[-½]+antiνelectron[½] ⇒ Klongo , if the W- manifests from its quantum geometric VPE structure in an IRbar-OR oscillation.

    But an exchange of the inner and outer rings in their matter and antimatter nature is also possible resulting in the super positioning of the neutral kaon's wavefunctions and leading to CP violation in that mixing between matter and antimatter in characteristics defined in the weakon quantum geometry.
    Here, the Graviphoton does not neutralize the interacting weakon spin, but spin induces the interacting mesonic inner ring in the IR-ORbar or IRbar-OR oscillation and delaying the strong weak kernel-ring interactions for the antigluon-neutrino or gluon-anti-neutrino kernel templates respectively.

    Ko = d.sbar = [K+IR].[Kbar+ORbar] = [K.Kbar][0]+[IR*ORbar][0] = [K.Kbar][0] + [IR*[0]{ORbar + νelectron][-1]}W+ + Gγ[+1]
    ⇒ [u.ubar][0] + {IR*[+1] + ORbar[-1] + νelectron[0]} ⇒ [u.ubar][0] + [KIR.KIRbar][0] ⇒ {u.ubar+d.dbar} as a two-particle decay in anti-gluon-neutrino strong weak interaction and with the Graviphoton[+1] spin inducing the matter based Inner Ring to neutralize the opposite spin of the interacting W+[-1] weakon.

    Ko = dbar.s = [Kbar+IRbar].[K+OR] = [K.Kbar][0]+[IRbar*OR][0] = [K.Kbar][0]+[IRbar{OR + antiνelectron][+1]}W- + Gγ[-1]
    ⇒ [u.ubar][0]+{IRbar*[+1] + OR[-1] + antiνelectron[0]} ⇒ [u.ubar][0] + [KIRbar.KIR][0] ⇒ {u.ubar+d.dbar} as a two particle decay in gluon-anti-neutrino strong weak interaction and with the Graviphoton[-1] spin inducing the antimatter based Inner Ring to neutralize the opposite spin of the interacting W-[+1] weakon.

    The difference in the antimatter to matter and matter to antimatter kernel-ring oscillation so results in the mixing of the wave functions to exemplify the CP violation in the neutral kaon as decaying in different fashion and decay rates as the Kshorto = {d.sbar+dbar.s}/√2 and the Klongo = {d.sbar-dbar.s}/√2 in decay times differing in a factor of the light-matter interaction probability α in tKso=8.95x10-11 s* in a two particle decay {πo+πo or π++π- } and 5.18x10-8 s* in a three particle decay {πo+πo+πo or πo+π++π- or π++e-+νelectron or π-+e++ν or similar pion-lepton combinations from the weakon templates} respectively.

    This superposition so shows the Kshorto to engage the W- and the Klongo to utilize the W+ in a distinct quantum geometric difference between the kernel-inner ring - outer ring oscillations between that of interacting matter weakons and that of interacting antimatter weakons.

    The discovery in 1964 of the Klongo also at times manifesting a two-particle decay proved the CP violation at the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron Laboratory by a collaboration led by James Cronin and Val Fitch of Princeton University and extended the original CP symmetry violation found in 1957 by Yang, Lee and Wu.

    As shown above, this CP violation becomes a consequence of wave-quarkian quantum geometry applied to quantum chromodynamics.
    For the neutral B-mesons defined in a diquark structure (U=[uu] for c=U.ubar; b=[ud].ubar; t=[ds].U) detailed further on in this paper, the CP violation at a higher energy level becomes more pronounced and susceptible to the measurement of the manifesting energies.

    Because the Klongo decay pattern also allows a two particle decay in the form of the mesonic ring part of the b-quark being spin induced by the Graviphoton, instead of the latter spin neutralizing the weakon spin; an excess of the matter based diquark b=ud.ubar decay patterns relative to the antimatter based anti-diquark bbar=ud.bar.u will be observed in the experimental evidence in the subtraction of the Klongo decay patterns becoming added to the decay patterns of the Kshorto.

    Typical decay patterns for the B-mesons are:

    B- = b.ubar = [ud.ubar].ubar = [U+IR+Kbar].[Kbar] = [K.Kbar] + [K+Kbar] + {IR*-OR[+½] + antiν[+½]}W- + Gγ[-1]
    ⇒ UUbar+OR[-½] + antiν[+½] ⇒ ucbar[0] + OR[-½] + antiν[+½] ⇒ Do[0] + (e-;μ-)[-½] + antiν[+½]

    B+= bbar.u = [udbar.u].u = [Ubar+IRbar+K].[K] = [K.Kbar] + [Kbar+K] + {IRbar*-ORbar[-½] + ν[-½]}W+ + Gγ[+1]
    ⇒ Ubar+KIRbar*-ORbar[+½]+ν[-½] ⇒ c.ubar[0] + ORbar[+½] + ν[-½] ⇒ Do[0]+(e+;μ+)[+½] + ν[-½]

    Bdo = b.dbar = [ud.ubar].dbar = [U+IR+Kbar].[KIRbar] = [U.Kbar+KIRbar] + {IR*-OR[+½] + antiν[+½]}W- + Gγ[-1]
    ⇒ Uubar + KIRbar + OR[-½] + antiν[+½] ⇒ c.dbar + OR[-½] + antiν[+½] ⇒ D+[0] + (e-;μ-)[-½] + antiν[+½]

    Bdo = bbar.d = [udbar.u].d = [Ubar+IRbar+K].[KIR] = [K.Kbar] + [Ubar.K+KIR] + {IRbar*- ORbar[-½] + ν[-½]}W+ + Gγ[-1]
    ⇒ Ubar.u + OR[-½] + antiν[+½] ⇒ cbar.d + ORbar[+½] + ν[-½] ⇒ D-[0] + (e+;μ+)[+½] + ν[-½]

    For antimatter IR and matter OR, a possible decay mode is: Bso = bbar.s = [udbar.u].s = [Ubar+IRbar+K].[K+OR]
    ⇒ [Ubar+IRbar+K].[K[0] + ({OR + antiνelectron][+1]}W- + Gγ[-1]) ⇒ [Ubar+IRbar+K].[K[0] + antiνelectron[0])

    ⇒ ([Kbar.Kbar] + K+IRbar)(K+OR) ⇒ [Kbar.K] + [KIRbar.KOR] + {strong weak kernel-ring gluon-anti-neutrino interaction suppressing any lepton decay products} ⇒ uubar + dbar.s ⇒ πo + Ko

    ⇒ [Kbar.KOR] + [K.KIRbar] {strong weak kernel-ring gluon-anti-neutrino interaction suppressing any lepton decay products} ⇒ ubar.s + udbar ⇒ K- + π+

    For matter IR and antimatter OR, a possible decay mode is: Bsobar = b.sbar = [ud.ubar].sbar = [U+IR+Kbar].[Kbar+ORbar]
    ⇒ [U+IR+Kbar].[Kbar[0] + ({ORbar + νelectron][-1]}W+ + Gγ[+1]) ⇒ [U+IR+Kbar].[Kbar[0] + (ORbar[0]+νelectron[0]) ⇒ ([Kbar.Kbar] + Kbar+IR)(Kbar+ORbar)

    ⇒ [Kbar.K] + [KIR.KORbar] + {strongweak kernel-ring gluon-neutrino interaction suppressing any lepton decay products} ⇒ uubar + d.sbar ⇒ πo + Ko

    ⇒ [K.KORbar] + [Kbar.KIR] {strongweak kernel-ring gluon-neutrino interaction suppressing any lepton decay products} ⇒ u.sbar + ubar.d ⇒ K+ + π-

    The neutral kaon Ko d.sbar-dbar.s quark content superposition repeats the CP violation as indicated.

    morph1. ​



    {2} Matter interacts with matter based Anti-Neutrinos via superposed VPE-Weakon Action

    Protons transform into neutrons with antimatter positrons and where the interacting anti-neutrino as constituent part of the W- weakon induces Pair-Production for weakon's electron in tapping the VPE to manifest a like spinning positron to neutralize the boson spin of the Graviphoton. The spin of the Graviphoton so cancels the spin of the Pair-Production VPE as well as the spin of the weakon boson in a superposition of the VPE and the weak interaction.

    A up quark of the proton then changes into a down quark for the produced neutron in a double transition from the Outer Ring of the weakon's electron transiting to the Inner Ring and the original anti-neutrino transits from the Inner Ring onto the Gluon-Neutrino kernel K as the decay products of a free neutron. The right-handed spin quantum of the anti-neutrino cancels the left-handed quantum spin of the weakon's electron base which was flipped by the Graviphoton for the MIR oscillation between the up quark and the down quark transformation.
    {Mass produced photons (by acceleration of inertia coupled electro charges), have no magneto charge and so form their own anti-particles; whilst gauge or 'virtual' photons carry cyclic and anticyclic colour charges as consequence of the matter-antimatter asymmetry}.

    Proton p+[-½] + Antiνelectron[+½]
    ⇒ p+[-½] + {Antiνelectron[+½] + (Electron e-[+½]}W- + Positron e+[+½]VPEo[+1] + Graviphoton[-1]

    ⇒ p+[-½] + {Electron e-[-½] + Antiνelectron[+½]} + Positron e+[+½]
    ⇒ {p+[-½]+IR-[0]+Ko[-½+½]} + e+[+½] ⇒ no[-½] + e+[+½]


    noahmir.
    ​

    {3} Matter interacts with antimatter-based Neutrinos via Unified Weakon Action {OR+Antiν=W-; ν+Anti-OR+=W+}

    Neutrons transform into protons with muons, the latter decaying into electrons and anti-neutrinos and neutrinos, so reducing the elementary matter-neutrino interaction to basic neutron beta minus-decay with the leptonic coupling between the 'resonance electron' as a basic muon coupled to its neutrino. A neutron's down quark transforming into a up quark in disassociating the mesonic Inner Ring part of the down quark from its up-quark kernel part to become the leptonic Outer Ring part of the manifesting muon. The interacting muon neutrino couples with the antineutrino of the weakon template as its own anti particle transferring its mass to the muon and changing its self-state from mass defined Diracness to massless Majorananess in the process.

    Neutron no[-½] + νmuon[-½] ⇒ no[-½] + νmuon[-½] + ({Antiνmuon[+½] + (Muon μ-[+½]}W- +GP[-1])
    ⇒ d[-½]u[+½]d[-½] + *{KIROR-Oscillation (OR-IR-K)[+½] +Antiνmuon[+½]+νmuon[-½] + GP[1]}

    ⇒ d[-½]u[+½]u[-½] + IR-[0] + {OR-[+½]+GP[-1]} +{R2G2B2[-½] + B2G2R2[+½]} ⇒ p+[-½] + μ[-½] + VPE[0]
    ⇒ p+[-½] + μ-[-½] +VPE[0]
    ⇒ p+[-½] + *{KIROR-Oscillation (OR-IR-K)[-½]}({e-[+½] + Antiνelectron[+½]}W- + GP[-1])
    ⇒ p+[-½] + νmuon[-½] + e-[-½] + Antiνelectron[+½]

    In the muon beta decay, the KIROR oscillation transfers the spin of the interacting muon as the spin of its self-state neutrino and enabling the constituents of the matter weakon W- to manifest with the right-handed electron part flipping to manifest the left-handed electron of the beta decay.

    arkcov. ​
     
    Last edited: Mar 27, 2022
    admin, Nov 11, 2021
    #16
  7. admin

    admin Well-Known Member Staff Member

    Messages:
    3,756
    XII: The Gravitational Constant, the Alpha Finestructure Constant and the GUT-Monopole

    GoXnp(1+ec/30ec + 1/e*)=GoXnp{1+1/30+1/e*}=(6.44221014x10-11){31/30+1/500} =6.66983490x10-11 [m3/kgs2]* = 6.67445232x10-11 [m3/kgs2]SI for the unitary calibration [m3/kgs2]*=1.000692286 [m3/kgs2]SI

    {s}SI
    =
    1.000978394    		{s*}
    =
    0.999022562    		{s}SI
    {m}SI
    =
    1.001671357    		{m*}
    =
    0.998331431    		{m}SI
    {kg}SI
    =
    1.003753126
    {kg*]
    =
    0.996260907    		{kg}SI
    {C}SI
    =
    1.002711702    		{C*}
    =
    0.997295631    		{C}SI
    {J}SI
    =
    1.005143377    		{J*}
    =
    0.994882942    		{J}SI
    {eV}SI
    =
    1.00246560    		{eV*}
    =
    0.997540464    		{eV}SI
    {K}SI 
    0.98301975    		{K*}
    =
    1.017273559    		{K}SI
    The variation observed in the experiments to measure the gravitational constant G(n) therefore depend not on the time variation decrease for G(n), which is precisely balanced in the time variation increase of the M(n) factor in the gravitational parameter, but is a mirror effect of the universal pole direction variation in the alpha finestructure constant, given as Da/a=8.08x10-5 and as the effect of the Dirac string connecting the three wormholes of the QBBS instanton-inflaton couplings quantum entangling the Riemann-Baab universe with the Abba-Khaibit shadow universe in the definitions of the string-membrane modular T-Mirror dualities.

    Alpha remains constant for a cosmology descriptive of a non-accelerating cosmology; but will result in a change in the electric charge quantum in a cosmology, which measures an accelerated spacial expansion, which is however the result of a self-intersection of the light path for particular cosmological redshift intervals in an oscillating cosmology.

    Here a particular alpha variation reduces the SI-measurement for the square of the charge quantum e in a factor of (1.6021119x10-19/1.60217662x10-19)2 = 0.99991921...for a calibrated alpha variation

    αvar = 1 - (1.602111895/1.60217662)2 = 1 - 0.9999192 = 8.08x10-5 with Alpha α = μoce2/2h = e2/2εohc
    = 2π(2.99792458)(1.602111895)2x10-37/(6.62607004x10-34) = 60πe2/h
    = 7.296762965x10-3 = 1/137.0470721.

    As the electropolar charge quantum appears squared in the Alpha-Constant, the Alpha-variation so becomes (1.0000807), with the old value of (e') exceeding the new value of (e) in so 4 parts in 100,000 and [Alpha]' greater in magnitude than Alpha by 81 parts in a million and in agreement with the Churchill-Webb measurements of 1998 and the more recent measurements from by the Wilczynska-Webb-Bainbridge-Barrow-Bosman collaboration (Published 2020), observing very distant quasars with redshifts from quasar J1120+0641 with z=7.085 for an alpha variation
    Δα/α = (αz − α0)/α0 = (−2:18 ± 7:27)x10-5. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/17/eaay9672

    The variation in the laboratory measurements of Newton’s gravitational constant G is the combined effect of the monopole mass, which when added with the inverse of the magnetic charge quantum defining the Dirac monopole, but as the proportionality connecting the electropolar charge to the magnetopolar charge from e*Ep s= 1 = {e*/2e√a}{melectron/mplanck}, increases the decreasing G(n) = GoXn

    The nucleon mass mc(n) = mcYn compensates for the constancy of Gomo = G(n)m(n)) by one magnetic monopole mass mm = [ec] with the source energy perturbation.
    Inverting the proportionality {2e√a} = e*{melectron/mplanck} for the proportionality constant as a function of alpha gives 2√a = {e*/e}{ melectron/mplanck} with {2√a}/{2e*√a} = Eps

    Using proportionality constant (2√a/300) to account for the proportionality 1+1/30 = 31/30 = 310/300 instead of Eps as the perturbation Eps-2√a/300=1.43052605x10-3 in G(npresent) = G(np)
    G(np) =GoXnp{31/30+1.43052605x10-3} = (6.44221014x10-11){1.03476386} = 6.666123x10-11 [m3/kgs2]* = 6.67073786x10-11 [m3/kgs2]SI differing from the full perturbation by (6.67445232x10-11 - 6.67073786x10-11) [m3/kgs2]SI = 3.7144565x10-3 [m3/kgs2]SI or so 4 parts per 1000
    Using Dirac’s quantization condition as proportionality Eps-(2a/300)=1.95135491x10-3 gives
    G(np) = (6.44221014x10-11){ 1.03528469}=6.66952152x10-11[m3/kgs2]* =6.67413873x10-11 [m3/kgs2]SI differing from the full perturbation by (6.67445232x10-11 - 6.67413873x10-11) [m3/kgs2]SI = 3.135873x10-4 [m3/kgs2]SI or so 3 parts per 10,000
    And using the nature of the Action Law as the square of charge for a proportionality constant Eps-(2√a/300)2=Eps-(4a/90,000)=1.99967570x10-3 results in
    G(np) = (6.44221014x10-11){1.03533301}=6.66983281x10-11[m3/kgs2]* = 6.67445024x10-11 [m3/kgs2]SI differing from the full perturbation by (6.67445232x10-11 - 6.67445024x10-11) [m3/kgs2]SI =2.07907x10-6 [m3/kgs2]SI or so 2 parts per Million
    Because the source energy quantum Eweyl = Eps = mpsc2 = 1/e*= (1/2e√a){melectron/mplanck}, the direct proportionality between electro charge quantum e and magneto charge quantum e* for the magnetic flux fm = (mps/[ec]mod)ec3 = Eps=1/e* modifies the gravitational parameter in the basic Schwarzschild metric rcurv = 2GoM/c2

    The distribution of the 30 GUT monopoles maximizes the minimum condition for a single monopole in the distribution of 30 monopoles in the doubling of the gravitational parameter from the gravitational potential energy GMR/R2 = -∇Φ in 4-dimensional spacetime to the gravitational parameter for of a Schwarzschild Black Hole in 5-dimensional spacetime 2GoM = Go{SM} = {Go/[ec]}{1+1/30+…+1/30} for the GUT unification in the timespace preceding the QBBS.

    This occurs at the unification mass scale for the fine structures alphaEMR = 2pkee2/hc = 2pGomm2/hc = alphaGR and requiring 30 ‘t Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopoles in the definition of the Maxwell constant moeo = 1/c2 in units [Js2/C2m][C2/Jm] with the condition kee2 = Gomm2 = Go[ec]2 for unitary consistency [ke] = [Jm/C2] = [Js/C2][m/s] = [Action h/Charge C2][c] with Go = [e*/kg] = [m3/kgs2]=[Js/kg2][m/s] = [h/(ec)2][m/s] = [h/C2][s/m] = [h/C2][1/c] for the reciprocity of lightspeed c as the invariant constant relating the electropolar charges and fields to their magnetopolar counterparts in modular duality-inversion properties of the Action Law as [Charge C2 = Action h].

    The units of the Action Law allow a definition for the ‘bare’ electron mass as: me = 30e2/cRe kg*
    [C2] = [h] = [Js] = kgm2/s] for [kg] = [C2s/m2] for 30 monopole masses as a GUT monopole mass.

    This so defines ke[e2] = mm2/ke for mm2 = ke2[e2] = [e/4peo]2 = [120pec/4p]2 = [30ec]2 = mm2 from the Maxwell constant eomo = {1/120pc}{120p/c} = 1/c2 for the unification condition for the mass of a boundary ‘t Hooft-Polyakov magnetic monopole to be 30[ec] kg* or 30[ec]c2 Joules of monopolar energy.
    A single ‘t Hooft-Polyakov monopole would have a mass of mmonopole = [ec]mod = 4.819369032x10-11 kg*for a GUT string unification energy of 4.3374321288x107 J* or 2.7x1016 GeV*.
    All 30 ‘t Hooft-Polyakov monopoles would have a mass of for a GUT string unification energy of 1.30122964x108 J* or 8.1x1017 GeV*.

    For a mass less universe with no magnetic monopoles, the Schwarzschild metric would take the form with a gravitational constant Go defining the curvature as a function of purely electromagnetic mass rcurvc2 = Go{1+0}M = GoM=M/ke = 4peoM and where M would be expressed in terms of a Maxwell's displacement current [ec]mod=currentxdisplacement.

    periodicTable. ​


    (12) (PDF) Monatomic Superconductivity in the Alchemy of the Stability of the Nucleus | Anthony P Bermanseder - Academia.edu

    An Evolution of the Universe in an oscillating spacetime and the Age of the Earth

    Newton's gravitational constant so can vary and decrease over time as a function of the change in the universal inertia increasing in direct proportionality and the transformation of source energy into physically expressed units of quantum consciousness in the gravitational parameter GM=GoMo=G(n)M(n) and n a dimensionless cycle time. Cycle time parameter n is defined in n=Hot=ct/RH defining the invariant light path X=ct as a scale factor for the size of the universe defined at cycle time coordinate n in a nodal minimum Hubble constant fweyl, defined as the instanton of creation and varying between odd and even nodes for a maximized Hubble constant Ho=dn/dt as the inflaton of creation in the first semi-oscillation of protoverse as a first seedling universe.
    An electromagnetic return of the source light traversing the light path X=ct in the 11-dimensional and higher-dimensional universe so gives birth to a second, but concurrent universe within the omniverse as a multiverse after the completion of the light path of creation has reached the nodal boundary set at the instanton of the Weyl wormhole frequency in the cosmology of the Quantum Big Bang.

    The electromagnetic monopolar source light so both reflects and refracts its path from the maximized Hubble Ho-boundary of the inflaton. The refracted light path then increases the size of the bounding omniverse in the addition of wormhole quanta defined in the quantum of universal consciousness and the light path reflected from the 11-dimensional Witten spacetime mirror retraces the light path travelled from the instanton node to the inflaton node as the initial boundary conditions of the multi-dimensional cosmology.

    The lower dimensional expansion of the universe so is continually decelerating in a parametrization of the wormhole parameters applied to the multitudinous form of the volumars occupying the 10 dimensional string universe; but the electromagnetic retracing of the original light path will intersect itself and cause the measurements of cosmological expansion as a redshift of the light observed to appear as a cosmological contraction and a contraction which will also be observed as a universe accelerating its own expansion.

    upload_2021-11-12_19-46-21. ​

    At a present cycle time of n=1.1327117… and a nodal n=1 for tpresent=1/Ho, the electromagnetic return of the monopolar light path has retraced 13.271 % of the Hubble event horizon defined in RH=ct=c/Ho of about 16.9 billion light years for a fraction of 2.24 billion light years indicating that the electromagnetic monopolar age of the universe is 16.876+2.240=19.116 billion light years; but that this will be measured in the gravitationally decelerating cosmology as 19.12-4.48=14.64 billion light years.

    As the age of the earth is near the doubled light path of the self-intersection in 4.48 billion years added to a doubled interval of a variation in the alpha finestructure constant in 28.6 million years, the age of the earth is 4.48+0.056=4.536 billion years.

    Alpha remains constant for a cosmology descriptive of a non-accelerating cosmology; but will result in a change in the electric charge quantum in a cosmology, which measures an accelerated spacial expansion, which is however the result of a self-intersection of the light path for cosmological redshift intervals in an oscillating cosmology.
    Here a particular alpha variation reduces the SI-measurement for the square of the charge quantum e in a factor of (1.6021119x10-19/1.60217662x10-19)2 = 0.99991921...for a calibrated:
    alpha variation αvar = 1 - (1.602111895/1.60217662)2 = 1 - 0.9999192 = 8.08x10-5 with Alpha α = μoce2/2h = e2/2εohc = 2π(2.99792458)(1.602111895)2x10-37/(6.62607004x10-34) = 60πe2/h = 7.296762965x10-3 = 1/137.0470721.
    As the electropolar charge quantum appears squared in the Alpha-Constant, the Alpha-variation so becomes (1.0000807), with the old value of (e') exceeding the new value of (e) in so 4 parts in 100,000 and [Alpha]' greater in magnitude than Alpha by 81 parts in a million and in agreement with the Churchill-Webb measurements of 1998, increasing from Alpha = μoc.e2/2h = 1/137.047072 to Alpha = 1/137.036003.

    The age of the Milky Way galaxy can be determined by using the process of nucleosynthesis in the early universe in the physics of nucleochronology, that is in measuring the abundance of radioactive elements, such as Thorium-232 (98.98%) compared to the abundance of a known abundance of another stable chemical element found in the periodic table of the atomic elements, such as Europium-153(52.2%); Europium-151(47.8%) is unstable with a half-life of 5.10x109Gy.
    In the early universe only rapid neutron capture occurred to synthesize the heavier elements. Spectroscopic evidence of absorption spectra for the ultra-metal-poor and massive Galactic Halo Star CS 22892-052 has discovered an abundance of the radioactive element Thorium with half-life 14.05 Gy in N(tmean)=No.exp[-14.05/tmean} for a mean lifetime of tmean= t½/ln2=14.05/ln2 = 20.27 Gy.

    This larger age is comparable to the Electromagnetic Monopolar EMMI age of the QBBS; but ignores the chemical evolution of the universe adding the reactive elements Europium and Thorium in varying proportions by the rapid neutron capture process to their universal abundance in the subsequent thermodynamic evolution of the universe. The chronometric age determination for CS 22892-052 then provides an estimate of the age for the Milky Way Galaxy and its globular cluster stars.

    At the time of the creation of the solar system 4.6 Gy ago, the Thorium/Europium ratio is measured today as 0.369 but as 0.219 in globular cluster star CS 22892-052 in N(t)=No(to){2[-t/t½].
    The {Th/Eu} is (0.369)=No.2[-4.6/14.05] for No=0.463, substantially higher than that for globular cluster star CS 22892-052 measured as 0.219, indicating a far greater age for the star, then calculated for the abundance ratio in the much younger universe for a No=(0.219). 2[4.6/14.05]=0.275.
    And for the mean lifetime tmean=t½/ln2=20.27 GY:

    gravconst. ​

    https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/303968/fulltext/ John J Cowan et all; The Thorium Chronometer in CS 22892-052: Estimates of the Age of the Galaxy; Astrophysical Journal; THE ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 480:246 254, 1997 May 1

    In an earlier paper, addressing the actinide chronometer production ratios for the rapid-neutron capture process derive an age for the Milky Way galaxy of 20.8 [+2/-4] Gy and an age for the universe of 19.5 [+3/-3] Gy for a (Sandage) Hubble constant of 60 km/Mpc.s .

    Those calculations concur with the EMMI age of the universe as 19.12 Gy for a nodal Hubble constant of 58.04 km/Mpc.s for a not accelerating universe with zero cosmological constant in the Friedmann-Walker cosmology.
    Title: New actinide chronometer production ratios and the age of the Galaxy
    Authors: Thielemann, F.-K., Metzinger, J., & Klapdor, H. V.
    Journal: Astronomy and Astrophysics (ISSN 0004-6361), vol. 123, no. 1, June 1983, p. 162-169. http://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1983A&A...123..162T



    Measuring Alpha even further back towards the Quantum Big Bang with increasing redshift, would better approximate the 80 parts per million increase in Alpha from say lower deviations at the say 8 parts per million at lower redshifts. So, the Alpha-Dip indicates that the textbook SI-value for the electropole is fractionally too high; but that the Alpha Finestructure Constant remains indeed constant once the variation in the electronic charge quantum is considered.
    Because the magnetic permeability constants are numerically the same in both the (SI) and the (*) unitary measurement systems; but εo=1/120πc=8.841941283x10-12 (F/m)* and is
    εo=8.8541878176x10-12 F/m (SI), the (SI) measurement is too large by a factor of 1.00138505 to correlate correctly with the magnetic permeability constant μo to give the Maxwell constant μoxεo=(120π/c).(1/120πc)=1/c2.

    In the attempt to explain the Alpha-Dip, some theorists have proposed a 'slowing down' of (c). Recent formulations by populist physicist Paul Davies and in co-authorship with Tamara Davis and Charles Lineweaver from the Department of Astrophysics at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia have followed the wrong avenues for the interpretation of the data, however. In a paper published in ('Nature': 'Black Holes constrain varying constants'; August 8th, 2002), the authors propose a varying light speed to be responsible for the Alpha-Dip and discount any possible variation in the electrocharge quantum. Davies' argument that an increase in (e) would alter the evolution of Black Holes in their entropy definitions does not consider that a product of the Boltzmann Constant (defining entropy), with (e) forms a fundamental fine-structured constant.

    friedmann12. ​
    ​

    In particular, the universe's wavefunction B(n) is localized in any arbitrary spacetime in 'unfreezing' the M-space 'stuck' in between the (X,Y) coordinates and subsequently in between real and imaginary linearized time parameters. This demands the establishment of a Mean-Alignment-Time or MAT, relative to an 'unfreezing definition' in a specification of the 'naked singularity', oscillating as zero-point about the FRB.
    As E*.e*= Epsx1/Eps = 1 as fundamental unity in the 11D Membrane-Mirror-Space of modular duality with e* the magneto charge; one can heuristically state that (Energy E x charge quantum e) in the lower dimensional C-Line-Space C can be expressed as the inversed identity in the form of 1/T.

    This then sets E.e=kTe=1 for [ek]=1/T and using an inverse proportion for mass in the lower dimensionality: [e*k*]=1/T* sets a function f(n)=[ek]/[e*k*]=[T*/T].
    This is the case for the Mass-Temperature inverse proportionality for the evolution of Black Holes from microstates to macro states and as in the Hawking Mass-Temperature relation for Black Holes and relabeling the Weyl string as the primary sourcesink ‘ps’ high frequency with small wavelength part of the modular dual supermembrane EpsEss and with the secondary sinksource ‘ss’ being the low frequency with large wavelength part of the Witten supermembrane.

    Then the Minimum Planck Oscillator Eplancko= ½hfplanck=½mplanck.c2 for Tmax=Tps and Tmin=Tss in string modular T-duality for ½mplanck.Tplanck=(1/8π)(4π).mplanck.Tplanck=Hawking Modulus HM=hc3/4πGokB=MBHmin.TBHmax={c2/4π2}. MBHmax.TBHmin}. B(n) is assigned B(npresent)={[ekB](SI)/[ekB](*)}, with {[ekB](SI)=constant=(1.60217662x10-19 C)(1.380649x10-23 J/K)=2.21204355x10-42 CJ/K} and using the old (SI) value with the Alpha-Variation for (e').

    Using (e±=1.6021119x10-19 C) without the Alpha-Variation gives {[ekB](SI)}=2.21195419x10-42 CJ/K}. The (*)-constant is a relatively fixed constant as: (e±*kB*=2.267869086x10-42 (CJ/K)*) and subsequently B(npresent) calculates a particular value for n at the asymptote B(n⇒±∞)=0 for e=1.606456344x10-19 C*.

    {[e±kB](SI)/[e±kB]*}=(2.21204355/2.267869086)=0.975384145=[2e/hA].exp(-[Alpha]x[npresent2+npresent]), which yields a unique (npresent) as a complex solution to the quadratic equation by ln(0.975384145/0.992729803)={ln(0.982527312}={-Alpha}{npresent2+npresent} for 2.415747501=npresent2+npresent
    for: npresent2+npresent-2.415747501=0 and solving as: {npresent=FRB(-½)±1.6327117}.

    {[e±kB](SI)/[e±kB]*}=(2.21195419/2.267869086)=0.975344742=[2e/hA].exp(-[Alpha]x[npresent2+npresent]), which yields a unique (npresent) as a complex solution to the quadratic equation by ln(0.975344742/0.992729803)={ln(0.98248762}={-Alpha}{npresent2+npresent} for 2.421284031=npresent2+npresent
    for: npresent2+npresent-2.421284031=0 and solving as: {npresent=FRB(-½)±1.634406324}.

    For the unfrozen M-space with Alpha-Variation:
    {10D-root: npresent=1.1327117 (real) & 12D-root: npresent=-2.1327117 (imaginary)}.

    For the unfrozen M-space without Alpha-Variation: {10D-root: npresent=1.1344063 (real) & 12D-root: npresent=-2.1344063 (imaginary)}.

    The difference in the present np cycle-time coordinates so becomes.
    1.634406324-1.6327117 = 0.001694624 as 0.001694624/Ho = 9.02486387x1014 s* or 28.59865512 Million civil years. This 'unfreezing' of M-space then allows the singularity algorithm of the cosmogenesis to manifest in what might be called the sex chromosomes of the universal DNA-encoding in terms of frequency or a number count. A new physical quantity in 'awareness' is defined as the time differential of frequency and allows the concept of 'consciousness' to be born from the defining qualities of magneto charges.


    The Gravitational constant in the evolvement of the primordial nucleon mass mc = mplanck.{a}9

    The Standard Gravitational Parameter μ = GM = constant = GoM(XnYn)= GoXn.MYn and for (XY)n=1 can be finestructured in a decreasing gravitational constant G(n)=GoXn with a corresponding increase in the mass parameter M as M(n)=MoYn as say for the proto-nucleonic mass of the Instanton mc(nps) as mc(npresent) = mc.Ynpresent = mneutron < mcYnpresent = 1.711752..x10-27 kg* and 958.99 MeV* upper limited

    For a changing Gravitational constant G(npresent) .mneutron(npresent)2 = Gomc2.Ynpresent and is modulated say in A micro-macro Black Hole perturbation
    Mo2/2M∞.MMaxHawking = 1.000543 ~ 1

    The Black Holed mass equivalence for astrophysical bodies is well formulated in the application of the basic Schwarzschild metric derived from General Relativity.
    Stephen Hawking developed the inverse proportionality between the mass of a Black Hole M and its Temperature T in the form of the Hawking Modulus:

    HM = mPlanck.EoPlanck/kb = √{hc/2πGo}{½mPlanck.c2/kb} = hc3/4πGokb = {MSmin.TSmax} = [c2/4π2]mod.{MMaxHawking .TSmin } = 9.131793821x1023 kg*K*

    The Hawking Modulus so has mensuration units [Mass][Temperature] in [kg][K(elvin)] or [kgK]* for the Stefan-Boltzmann entropy constant kb=kB.

    And so Mmin.Tmax = hc³/4πGokb = [c2/4π2]mod.Mmax.Tmin = ½mPlanck.TPlanck = MMaxHawking. [c2/4π2]mod.Tss and the Hawking Mass is determined as MMaxHawking = λmaxπc²/Go = 2.54469..x1049 kg*.

    HyperMass MHyper (nps) = hc3.e*/4πGo = 6445.775 kg at the Instanton boundary n=nps so increases to MHyper(npresent)Ynpresent =hc3.e*/4πGoXnpresent ~ 11,117.26 kg as the projected Instanton boundary mass for the wormhole radius rwormhole = rps modulating the Inflaton curvature with the Instanton curvature and utilizing npresent=1.132711... for a decreased perturbed G(npresent) = 6.442x10-11 G-string units for the Standard Gravitational Parameter G(n)miYk(n).mjYn-k = Gomc2 = constant for G(n)=GoXn.
    Using the λminλmax=1 wavelength modulation in the T-duality of λmin=2πRmin=1/λmax=2π/Rmax, this modulation closely approximates the geometric mean of the seedling mass in {1/4π}Mo2/2M∞.MMax=Mo2/8π.M∞.MHawking =3.2895..x10102/3.2931..x10102 ~ 0.998910744...

    This also circumscribes the actual to critical density ratio in the omega of the general relativistic treatment of the cosmologies.
    The applied G value in Gm(n)=Go.Xn as now coupled to the derived Black Hole Mass modulation coupled to the quantum micro masses.

    Gomc²={GoXn+k}.{mcYn}.{mcYk}=Gm(n).mnmax.mnmin and where Gm is the actual G value as measured and which has proved difficult to do so in the laboratories.
    Gm(n)=Go.Xn+k=Gomc²/mnmax.mnmin=Gomc²/({mcYn}{mnmin}) and where we have mnmin=mcYk} for the unknown value of k with mnmax=mcYn.
    So Gm(n)=Go.Xn+k=GoXn[mc/mnmin]=Go{mc2/mcYn}.{Mo2/8π.M∞.MHawking.mav} for Xk={mc/mav}.{Mo2/8π.M∞.MHawking}=1.00109044..{mc/mav}
    and where now {mnmin}={8π.M∞.MHawking.mav/Mo2}=1.00109044..mav.
    mav={Mo²/8π.M∞.MHawking}{mnmin}={Mo²/8π.M∞.MHawking}{mcYk}=0.9989107..{mcYk} and represents a reduced minimum mass mnmin=mcYk.

    But the product of maximum and 'new' minimum now allows an actual finetuning to a measured nucleon mass mN by:
    mN² = mavYn.mcYn=mav.mnmax.Yn.
    So, substituting for mav in our Gm expression, will now give the formulation:
    Gm(n)=Go.Xn+k=GoXn[mc/mnmin]=Go{mc2/mcYn}.{Mo2/8π.M∞.MHawking.mav}
    Gm(n)=Go.Xn+k=GoXn[mc/mnmin]=Go{mc2/mcYn}.{Mo2/8π.M∞.MHawking}{mcY2n/mN2}
    Gm(n)=Go.{mc2/mN2}{Mo2/8π.M∞.MHawking}Yn

    The average nucleon mass mN is upper bounded in the neutron mass and lower bounded in the proton mass, their difference being an effect of their nucleonic quark content, differing in the up-down transition and energy level and because of electro charges increasing the intra-quarkian Magneto charge coupling between the two mesonic rings of the neutron and a single mesonic ring in the proton's down- or KIR-quark.
    For a Neutron Restmass of: mneutron=1.6812656x10-27 kg* (941.9111 MeV*) or (1.6749792x10-27 kg and 939.554 MeV)
    the substitution (and using calibrations m=1.001671358 m*; s=1.000978395 s*; kg=1.003753127 kg* and C=1.002711702 C* gives:
    G(np)= Go{mc/mneutron}2.(0.9989107..)Ynp = 6.670693x10-11 (m3/kgs2)* or 6.675312x10-11 (m³/kgs²).

    For a Proton Restmass of: mproton=1.6788956x10-27 kg* (940.5833 MeV*) or (1.672618x10-27 kg and 938.270 MeV).
    G(np) = Go{mc/mN}2.(0.9989107..)Ynp = 6.6895399x10-11 (m3/kgs2)* or 6.694171x10-11 (m³/kgs²).

    Gm(n)=Go.Xn+k = 6.670693x10-11 (m3/kgs2)* then gives kp =ln{Gm(np)/Go}/ln{X} - np = 1.0602852 - 1.132711 = -0.0724258

    The upper value of the neutron bound so represents an upper limit for the Gravitational Constant as the original quark-lepton bifurcation of the X-Boson precursor given in the KKK kernel. Only the KKK kernel is subject to the mass evolution of the cosmos; the leptonic masses being intrinsically incorporated in the Kernel means.

    The mc.Yn so serves as an appropriate upper bounded approximation for G(n), subject to leptonic ring IR-OR perturbations.
    The best approximation for 'Big G' hence depends on an accurate determination for the neutron's inertial mass, only fixed as the base nucleon minimum mass at the birth of the universe. A fluctuating Neutron mass would also result in deviations in 'G' independent upon the sensitivity of the measuring equipment. The inducted mass difference in the protonic-and neutronic rest masses, derives from the
    Higgs-Restmass-Scale and can be stated in a first approximation as the ground state.
    Basic nucleon rest mass is mc=√Omega.mP=9.9247245x10-28 kg* or 958.99 MeV*.

    (Here Omega is a gauge string factor coupling in the fundamental force interactions as:
    Cube root(Alpha):Alpha:Cuberoot(Omega):Omega and for Omega=G-alpha.)
    KKK-Kernel mass=Up/Down-HiggsLevel=3x319.66 MeV*= 958.99 MeV*, using the Kernel-Ring and Family-Coupling Constants.

    Subtracting the Ring-VPE (3L) gives the basic nucleonic K-State as 939.776 MeV*. This excludes the electronic perturbation of the IR-OR oscillation.
    For the Proton, one adds one (K-IR-Transition energy) and subtracts the electron-mass for the d-quark level and for the Neutron one doubles this to reflect the up-down-quark differential.
    An electron perturbation subtracts one 2-2/3=4/3 electron energy as the difference between 2 leptonic rings from the proton's 2 up-quarks and 2-1/3=5/3 electron energy from the neutron' singular up-quark to relate the trisected nucleonic quark geometric template.

    Proton mp=u.d.u=K.KIR.K=(939.776+1.5013-0.5205-0.1735) MeV* = 940.5833 MeV* (938.270 MeV).
    Neutron mn=d.u.d=KIR.K.KIR=(939.776+3.0026-1.0410+0.1735) MeV* = 941.9111 MeV* (939.594 MeV).

    This is the ground state from the Higgs-Restmass-Induction-Mechanism and reflects the quarkian geometry as being responsible for the inertial mass differential between the two elementary nucleons. All ground state elementary particle masses are computed from the Higgs-Scale and then become subject to various finestructures. Overall, the MEASURED gravitational constant 'G' can be said to be decreasing over time.

    The ratio given as k is GmYn/Go ~ 0.600362... and so the present G-constant is about 60% of the one at the Planck Scale.
    G decreases nonlinearly, but at a present rate of 0.600362/19.12x109 per year, which calculates as 3.1400..x10-11 G-units per year.

    Generally using the exponential series expansion, one can indicate the change in G.
    For Xn+k=z=exp[(n+k)lnX] by (n+k)lnX=lnz for the value u=(n+k)lnX=-0.481212(n+k); z transforms in exponential expansion eu=1+u+u2/2!+u3/3!+u4/4!+...

    For a function f(n)=z=Gm(n)/Go=Xn+k - f(n) =1-(0.481212.)(n+k)+(0.2316.)(n+k)2/2-(0.1114.)(n+k)3/6+(0.0536.)(n+k)4/24-...+...
    At time instantaneity of the Quantum Big Bang, n=nps=λps/Rmax=6.2591x10-49 ~ 0
    Then GBigBang=GoXnps=Go (to 50 decimal places distinguishing the time instanton from the Null time as the Planck-Time transform).
    Go represents the quantum gravitational constant applicable for any Black Hole cosmology and can be used to correlate the MOND gravitation with the Newton-Einstein gravitation in inferring a greater gravitational constant in the cosmic past in conjunction with an inherent Milgröm deceleration as a time derivative of the universal scale factor a={n/[n+1]}.

    For our previously calculated k=ln(GmYn/Go)/lnX and which calculates as k= -0.0724258..
    f(n)=1-(0.481212.)(n+k)+(0.2316.)(n+k)2/2-(0.1114.)(n+k)3/6+(0.0536.)(n+k)4/24-(0.0258.)(n+k)5/120+...-...
    for f(1.132711)=1-0.51022+0.13016-0.02214+0.00283-0.000288...+...~ 0.6006340 to fifth order approximation to 0.60036246...

    Hence, the gravitational constant assumes a value of about 60.0% of its Big Bang initialization and calculates as 6.675x10-11 G-units for a present cycle time npresent=Hotpresent=1.132711...
    The introduction of the mass seed coupling between the macro quantum Mo and the micro quantum mc=mPalpha9 (from the gravitational finestructure unification) perturbs the 'purely electromagnetic' cosmology in the perturbation factor k and increases the purely electromagnetic Gmemr in the black hole physics described.

    So gravity appears stronger when one 'looks back in time' or analyses cosmological objects at large distances. The expansion parameter (a) in the Friedmann-Einstein standard cosmology can be rewritten as a curvature ratio R(n)/Rmax={n/(n+1)} and describes the asymptotic universe in say 10 dimensions evolving under the inertial parameters of the c-invariance. This 'lower dimensional universe' is open and expands under hyperbolic curvature under the deceleration parameter qo=½Ωo=Mo/2M∞=2GoHoMo/c³ ~0.014015... This open universe is bounded in the 'standing wave' of the Hubble Oscillation of the 11D and 'higher dimensional universe'.

    DMForces. ​
     
    Last edited: Dec 25, 2021
    admin, Nov 12, 2021
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    3,756
    XIII: The Inflaton and the Grand Unification Symmetry in a Transformation of Supermembranes

    SEWG-------------------------SEWg--------SEW.G--------SeW.G-------S.EW.G-------------S.E.W.G
    Planck Unification I-------IIB------------HO32----------IIA-----------HE64--Bosonic Unification
    {Capitalization of letters infers emphasis and decapitalization of letters implies suppression of respective fundamental interactions}.

    The transformation of the 5 superstring classes proceeds in utilizing the self-duality of superstring IIB as the first energy transformation of the Inflaton in the Planck string class I trans mutating into the monopole string class IIB and residing in the 2-toroidal bulk space of Vafa as a Riemann 3-dimensional surface describing the VPE-ZPE of the micro quantum of the QBBS.
    The Eps-Weyl wormhole of topological closure so is holographically and conformally mapped onto the bulk space in 12 dimensions as a braned volumar evolving by mirror duality of the 11dimensional closed AdS membrane space of Witten's M-space as Vafa's F-space and mirroring the hyperbolic topology of 10-dimensional C-space as an open dS cosmology in an overall measured and observed Euclidean flatness of zero curvature.

    String BosonDecoupling Time s*Wavelength
    (λ=2πl) m*    		Energy (hc/λ)
    J* & eV*
    Modular
    Wavelength m*​
    		Temp K* Significance
    0. Genesis-Boson
    Algorithmic    		TIME=1/FREQUENCY
    = λps/RH = λpsHo/c
    = nps = Hotps
    6.2591x10-49    		LIGHTPATH
    c.TIME
    1.877x10-40    		ENERGY= hRmax/λps
    =k.TEMPERATURE
    =h.FREQUENCY
    =h/TIME=MASS.c2
    1.065 PJ* or
    6.629x1033 eV*    		 5.326x1039TEMPERATURE
    = hRmax/kλps
    7.54481x1037    		Algorithmic
    Definiton
    1. Planck Length Bounce
    √αLplanckc2=e↔e*=2Rec2=1/Eps
    		tOPL=2πrOPL/c
    3.739x10-44    		1.122x10-3517.830 GJ* or
    1.110x1029 eV*    		8.913x10341.263x1033Quantum
    Fluctuation
    of Creation
    2. Planck-Boson
    I/SEWG⇒sEwG
    tP=2πrP/c
    4.377x10-43
    LP=2πrP
    1.313x10-34
    1.523 GJ* or
    9.482x1027 eV*    		7.617x1033
    1.079x1032 ​
    		Outside
    Hubble
    Horizon
    Limit in
    Protoverse​
    3. Monopole-Boson
    IIB/sEwG⇒SEWg
    GI-GUT
    decoupling
    max = 30 [ec]
    min = 1 [ec]    		tM=2πrM/c
    5.124x10-42
    [max] to [min]
    tM=2πrM/c
    1.537x10-40    		1.537x10-33
    [max] to [min]
    4.611x10-32    		13.011 MJ* or
    8.100x1026 eV*
    [max] to [min]
    4.337 MJ* or
    2.700x1025 eV*    		6.506x1032
    [max] to [min]
    2.169x1031    		9.216x1030
    [max] to [min]
    3.072x1029 ​
    		Outside
    Hubble
    Horizon
    Limit in
    Protoverse​
    4. XLBoson
    HO32/SEW.G​
    		tXL=2πrXL/c
    2.202x10-39    		6.605x10-31
    		302.817 kJ* or
    1.885x1024 eV*    		1.514x1030
    2.145x1028​
    		Outside
    Hubble
    Horizon
    Limit in
    Protoverse​

    5. Ecosmic-Boson
    IIA/SeW.G SNI
    decoupling​
    		tEC=2πrEC/c
    6.618x10-34    		1.986x10-251.0073 J* or
    6.270x1018 eV*    		5.035x1024
    7.135x1022​
    		Galactic
    Supercluster
    Sarkar Scale
    Mo=RSarkar
    c2/2Go
    6. False Higgs Vacuum
    (min to max)    		tHmin=GoMo/c3nps
    4.672x10-33
    [min] to [max]
    tHmax=√αtps
    2.847x10-32
    		1.402x10-24
    [min] to [max]
    8.541x10-24    		0.143 J* or
    8.883x1017 eV*
    [min] to [max]
    0.023 J* or
    1.458x1017 eV*
    		1.171x1023
    [min] to [max]
    7.133x1023    		{7.206x1037
    [min] to [max]
    1.857x1037
    Algorithmic from
    Genesis Boson}

    ​
    		Galactic
    Supercluster
    Scale
    7. Weyl-Boson
    HE64/S.EW.G
    Big Bang
    Instanton EMI
    decoupling​
    		tps=2πrps/c
    3.333x10-31    		1.000x10-220.002 J* or
    1.245x1016 eV*    		1.000x1022
    {Temperature
    Gradient
    Tps/T(nps)
    Genesis Boson
    T(nps) =
    2.935x1036}​
    		Galactic Halo
    (Group) Scale
    8. T(n)=Tps
    Bosonic Condensate
    Unification    		tBU=nBU/Ho
    1.897x10-9    		ctBU/(1+HotBU)
    0.5691 Protoverse
    Inflaton min to
    Instanton to
    Inflaton max
    10-22    		Bosonic Plasma
    h/tBU
    3.514x10-25 J* or
    2.188x10-6 eV*
    0.002 J* or
    12.45 PeV*
    		1.757
    Protoverse
    1022    		TBU = Tps
    = 1.417x1020
    18.2[n+1]2/n3​
























    n=HotBU    		Unitary
    Modular
    Geometric​
























    Mean
    Scale
    9. Electroweak WNI
    decoupling    		tEW=nEW/Ho
    0.00714~1/140    		8.543x10-18
    		2.341x10-8 J* or
    145.70 GeV*    		1.171x1017
    1.658x1015​
    		Higgs
    Boson
    RMP
    DM scale
    10. Higgs Chi-Boson/
    Super Diquark
    Sbar=ss
    Quark-Lepton scale
    Vacuum Expectation
    		tQL=nQL/Ho
    0.00274~1/365    		2.227x10-17
    Quantum Scale    		4.799x10-8 J* or
    298.785 GeV*    		4.490x1016
    3.400x1015​
    		Outer
    Leptonic
    Inner
    Mesonic
    Kernel
    Quantum
    scale
    dirac.
    ​


    Quantum Gravitation Unification in a Coupling of the Supermembranes in Self dual Monopole Class IIB

    SEWG ---- SEWg as string transformation from Planck brane to (Grand Unification/GUT) monopole brane.

    The X-Boson is modular dual to the L-Boson in the string class transformation from the Planck brane to the monopole brane to the X/L-brane to the Cosmic String brane to the Weyl brane. For the X-Boson, the coupling can be written as:: #.(mps/mPlanck)f(G) and for the L-Boson it is written as: #54.(mPlanck/mps)f(S) to indicate the inherent modular duality.

    As alpha=#3 specifies the emmr-matter-emr interaction probability; EMI/SNI=#3/#=#2 breaks the unified symmetry via the WNI and defines #f(G) as a unitary mass.

    A 'mixing angle' θps is defined via constant X ⇒ {ℵ}3 ⇒ alpha α as X = ϖ(n). sin θps for a unitary force action ϖ(n) acting on the inflaton acceleration cfps modulated from the inflaton source hyper-acceleration of the de Broglie matter wave for phase speed RHfps in RHfps2=1.43790791x1087 (m/s2)* in the displacement light path for the nodal Hubble constant Ho = dn/dt = c/RH defining the frequency ratio nps = λps/RH = 2πrps/RH =fps/Ho as the linearization of the wormhole from its closed Planck brane form as string class I into its transformation as open string class HE(8x8) then manifesting as the Compton-de Broglie wavelengths in the emr-matter-emmr interactions.

    The Hubble law so modulates the inflaton as the instanton in a dimensionless cycle time parameter n in a time rate change constant as the nodal Hubble constant H(n)|min =
    Ho = 58.04 km/Mpc.s (extrapolated to 66.9 km/Mpc.s for a present npresent =1.132711... cycle time coordinate) and in inverse proportion to its maximum as the wormhole frequency fps, becoming the maximum node for H(n) in the associated multiverse cosmology, which defines this multiverse as parallel in time space, but as holofractally nested in spacetime.
    It is then a quantum tunneling of the entire universe upon the completion of interwoven cycles defining the nodal oscillations nodal 'walls of time' defined in the light path, which become the medium for this quantum tunneling of lower dimensional spacetime itself.

    The inflaton angle θps so is maximized at 90° at X = ϖ(n). sin θps for θps = 38.17270761° for a unitary force ϖ(n)=1 and for the X/L bosonic coupling for a GUT scale characterizing SEW.G for the decoupling of the gravitational interaction from the unified energy field described by the Standard Model.

    The Hubble law so modulates the inflaton as the instanton in a dimensionless cycle time parameter n in a time rate change constant as the nodal Hubble constant H(n)|min = Ho = 58.04 km/Mpc.s (extrapolated to 66.9 km/Mpc.s for a present npresent =1.1327117... cycle time coordinate) and in inverse proportion to its maximum as the wormhole frequency fps, becoming the maximum node for H(n) in the associated multiverse cosmology, which defines this multiverse as parallel in time space, but as holofractally nested in spacetime.
    It is then a quantum tunneling of the entire universe upon the completion of interwoven cycles defining the nodal oscillations nodal 'walls of time' defined in the light path, which become the medium for this quantum tunneling of lower dimensional spacetime itself.

    The ‘superluminal’ expansion of spacetime of standard cosmology is therefore modified in a decreasing and multiverse generating cyclic Hubble function H(n)=Ho/T(n)=Ho/(n[n+1] for a projected Particle Hubble Horizon of 40.78 Gy in RP = cT(n)/Ho = n(n+1)RH = (1.1327117)(2.1327117)(16.88) = 40.77782 Gy or 3.85958x1026 m* as 40.77 billion lightyears for the present protoverse or seedling universe.
    AdS spacetime expands at invariant lightspeed c and increases the multiversal volumar in the ‘event horizon’ Hubble horizon REH = nRH in a continuous new spacetime creation of spacetime quanta defined in the Weyl-Eps VPE-ZPE quantum Vps = Eps/2p2rps3 = 4pEps/lps3 = 2.513274x1064 [J/m3]*.

    The actual cosmology of the multiverse so exhibits no ‘faster than light’ spacetime expansion due to spacetime quantization in supermembrane Eps.Ess. The superluminal expansion is restricted to the QBBS parameters of the instanton-inflaton coupling, repeating itself in the cyclicity of the multiverse from the protoversal seed and encompassed by the topology and geometry of the oblate omniverse containing rotational phase shifted prolate universes as multiverses generated from the ellipsoidal foci of the EpsEss or Abba-Baab 12-dimensional cosmogony.

    ParticleHubble. ParticleHubblezoom. ​

    Now the Planck string for a Planck time of tP=2πrP/c = 4.377x10-43 is connected to the X/L string via the monopole string at the unified SEWG level in the self-duality of the GUT-monopole at [ec.c2]uimd = 2.7x1016 GeV* and at a brane inflaton time of tM=2πrM/c=1.537x10-40 s* and for which SEWG transformed into sEwG to indicate the unified nature between the long-range EMI and GI in a coupling of the electromagnetic and gravitational fine structures here termed alpha and g-alpha respectively.

    The X/L boson time is tXL=2πrXL/c=2.202x10-39 s* and string class HO(32) decouples gravity in replacing f(G)/mPlanck by the monopole mass #2/[ec]uimd modular dual to f(S)mPlanck to account for the SNI/EMI breaking of the native supersymmetry SEWG and to transform the Planck brane energy scale into the X/L brane energy scale.

    mXB = alpha.mps/[ec]uimd = #3.mps/[ec]uimd = 3.364554269x10-12 kg* = 1.884955575x1015 GeV* unifying SEW in the monopolar electron boson energy mec|max = αmps mLB = alpha18.[ec]uimd/#2.mps =#52.[ec]uimd/#2.mps = 1.982105788x10-28 kg* = 111.0453587 MeV* unifying EWG at the bosonic muon energy

    The X-Boson mass and the L-Boson mass then transform into the string class IIA, as the coupling from the self-dual monopole class, here termed the ECosmic Boson to indicate its native characterization as primordial cosmic string ancestor for a spectrum of cosmic rays, tabulated following this discussion.

    The ECosmic Boson manifests at an inflaton time of tEC=2πrEC/c = 6.717x10-34 s* at an energy of 0.9927 J* or 6.180x109 eV* and as a consequence of the universal wavefunction B(n) = {2e/hA}.exp{-Alpha.T(n)} and where T(n)=n(n+1) defines X and Y in the Euler identity for T(n)=1.

    The electromagnetic interaction, which was emphasized in the decoupling of the gravitational interaction in the sEwG to form the X/L-Boson in SEW.G now becomes suppressed in SeW.G in the B(n) for n=nps=6.259093473x10-49 ⇒0 and T(0)=0 for B(nps)=2e/hA= 0.992729794..in units of inverse energy that is as units of the magneto charge under modular string duality.

    The constant A=4.854663436x1014 Ampere* can be defined as a cosmic string magneto current and derives from algorithmic encodings underpinning the numerical values for the fundamental constants of nature.
    The ECosmic boson then triggers a 'false vacuum' in a brane time interval from tdBmin=GoMo/c3nps = 4.672x10-33 [min] to [max] tdBmax=√αtps = 2.847... x10-32 defined in a non-kinematic temperature gradient of the cosmogenesis and related to the hyper acceleration gradient between the de Broglie inflaton wave phase speed adB = RHfps2 and the boundary cosmological (dark energy) constant ΛEinstein(nps) = GoMo/λps2 with 2.ΛEinstein(nps)/adB = Mo/MH=0.02803.. descriptive for the baryonic matter content at the instanton as a proportional coupling between the 'mother black hole' defined in the Schwarzschild metric with an event horizon the size of the Hubble radius RH = 2GoMH/c2.
    It can be said that the universal wave function B(n) remains 'frozen' within this encompassing inflaton event horizon about the FRB (Functional Riemann Bound) at the x=-½ coordinate and between a cosmic uncertainty interval {X: -1,0} defining the Witten-M-space in this presentation; until it is observed and/or defined in accordance with the premises of quantum mechanics applied to the universe in total. The 'unfreezing' of B(n) requires the linearization of the quantum geometric circularity of the Compton wavelength into its particularized quantum radius.


    Quark-Lepton Unification in XL-Boson Class HO(32) - SEWg --- SEW.G

    Following the creation of the 'false Higgs vacuum' as a potential spacetime quantum and as a prototypical holofractal of the brane volumar; the Planck string and now as an ECosmic string of increased spacial extent and of lower energy transforms into the Weyl-Eps Boson of the quantum big bang event as the instanton.
    This results in an integration or summation of Eps-quanta evolving at the speed of light from the original Weylian wormhole as the 'creation singularity'.

    This 'filling' of the inflaton M-space with lower dimensional instanton C-space represents however an attempt by the wormhole summation, which is expanding originally at the speed of light to become retarded by a force opposing the linear expansion and so decurving of the original wormhole definition.

    This effect of anti-curvature or the attempt to recircularized the linearization of the lower dimensional expanded membrane space by its higher dimensional contracting (or collapsing) membrane space is known as gravity in the macrocosmic cosmology of General Relativity but represents the integrated effect of quantum gravity as a summation of spacetime quanta as wormhole volumars inhabiting expanding space as boundary and initial condition for contracting spacetime.
    The expanding qbb or the integration and multiplication of wormhole quanta now enables the X/L bosons to transform into a quark-lepton hierarchy at instanton time
    tps=fss=1/fps=3. 333.x10-31 s*.

    The Higgs vacuum is now rendered as physical in spacetime occupancy and the relative sizes of elementary particles is defined in the diameter of the electron and its parameters of energy and momentum. In particular e*=2Rec2=1/Eps restrict the extent of the Compton constant in the mass and size of the electron and quantizing the quantization of monopolar energy in the volumar equivalent of the inversed source energy quantum of the Weyl-Eps Boson conformally transformed from the Planck scale onto the Weyl wormhole scale in the superstring transformations.

    Magnetopolar charge e* as inversed energy quantum in its higher dimensional form assumes the characteristic of a region of space acted upon by the time rate change of frequency or df/dt. As said, this allows a definition of physical consciousness as the action of a quasi-angular acceleration as df/dt onto the dynamics of anything occupying any space, if this space represents a summation of Eps- gauge photon quanta. The concept of physical consciousness so finds it resolution in the quantum geometry of super brane volumars.
    The Higgs field of physical consciousness so applies action on spatially occupied dynamics, such as elementary particles or collections and conglomerations of particles, irrespective of particles exhibiting inertial mass or gravitational mass because of the photonic energy equivalence to mass in E=hf=mc2.

    The X-Boson of energy 1.885x1015 GeV* so transforms into a K-Boson of energy given by transformed Planck boson into the K-Boson with mc=mPlanck.Alpha9=keeα8.5 = (e/Go)α8.5 =9.924724514x10-28 kg or 556.0220853... MeV* under Planck-Stoney unification for electric charge and mass.

    The primordial K-Boson so becomes the ancestor for all nucleons and hyperons as a base kernel energy as a function of cycle time n in m(n)=mcYn.
    For an invariance of the Gravitational parameter GM=GoXn.MYn= constant, a mass evolution in the constancy of XY = X+Y = eiπ = i2 = -1 n can be applied to 'evolve' the mass of the K-Boson as a function of cycle time n from its initial self-state nps=Ho/fps=λps/RH and to relate the history in time to a history of space in a timeless cosmogenesis.

    This evolution of mass as a fundamental cosmological parameter relates to the 'missing' mass in the Mo/MH = 0.02803... ratio say as the Omega of the deceleration parameter in the Friedmann cosmology.
    Considering a time evolution of a rest mass seedling Mo towards a Black Hole closure mass MH in the form of 'massless eternal Strominger branes' will crystallize the existence of a multiverse as a function of the wormhole radius rps expanding in higher dimensional brane spacetime until the Hubble radius RH is reached in a time of about 4 trillion years.

    A formula to describe this is: nlnY=ln(RH/rps) or equivalently nlnY=ln(MH/Mcurvature) for the quantum gravitational transformation of the Planck mass into the curvature mass of 6445.775... kg* as the minimum mass a Black Hole can have in the quantum relativistic cosmology.
    When a Strominger eternal (there is no Hawking radiation) black hole has reached its macro state from its microstate, say after 234.47 cycles in a protoverse, then the entire old universe will quantum tunnel into a new universe which was born as a multiverse at the completion of the first cycle for n=1 and when a second inflaton holographically repeated the cosmogenesis parallel in time but not in space to ensure the eternal continuity for the first universe created as a protoverse.
    The quantum tunneling wall so is an interval of time defined in nps and not any boundary in space.


    The upper bound for the kernel mass so becomes mcYnpresent =1.71175285x10-27 kg* or 958.9912423... MeV* for npresent set at 1.132711...
    The K-Boson then assumes the form of a trisected subatomic core in distributing the K-superstring energy in three quantum geometric parts or sectors depictable in three 120-degree regions of a gluon field for the 8 gluon permutations between the SU(3) self-states:
    E=mc2: {BBB; BBW; WBB; BWB; WBW; BWW; WWB; WWW}:E=hf, for the hyperon SU(3) unitary quark or antiquark distribution and E=mc2:{BB; BW; WB; WW}:E=hf for the mesonic quark-antiquark couplings for SU(2), with the (W)hite state implying complete emr-emmr dematerialization and the (B)lack state inferring complete materialization in the chromodynamics of the colour mixing and gluon charge exchanges.
    The L-Boson then induces the outer leptonic OR ring structure as the ancestor of the muon fermion and the inner mesonic ring or IR becomes the oscillatory potential for the OR to reduce in size to approach the kernel K trisected in the gluon distribution.
    The precursive X/L-Boson transforming into the quark-lepton hierarchy of fermions, so manifests a native supersymmetry or supergravity without any necessity for additional particles or string vibrations in unification physics.

    It can then be said that the meeting or intersection of the OR with the Kernel K occurs at the IR in the form of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos emitted by the kernel as the partners for the OR manifesting as three leptonic generations in electron, muon and tauon to define the weak interaction bosons in the weakons and the Z-Boson.
    The weakons so display the bosonic nature of the original X/L bosons but allow a partitioning of the boson integral spin momentum in a sharing between the fermionic kernel and the fermionic outer ring. The quantum geometry indicated then allows a decomposition of the weakons into leptonic generations and the Z-Boson to assume the weak interaction energy in the form of massless gluons becoming mass induced by the quantum geometric template of a scalar Higgs field as Majorana neutrinos.
    This can be illustrated in the quantum chromodynamics of the trisection of both kernel and rings as the mixing of colour charges as indicated.
    Subtracting the L-Boson mass from the K-Boson mass then sets energy intervals shown following in the diquark hierarchies found in the quantum geometry of Quantum Relativity. The energy interval for the KKK kernel then becomes (282.6487 MeV* - 319.6637 MeV*) and is defined as a Kernel-Ring-Cross-Coupling constant, where 111.045/3 = 37.015 gives the appropriate energy range for a particular quark energy level for a ground state GS:

    GS = GSn-1 + 2gn -1 + ULMn-2 .{ ⅓e-;⅔e-}
    = Iterative Kernel GS + Ring Perturbation
    matrix.     ​
    ​

    Kernel-Ring Mixing Constant: KX/RL = mcYn/3mLB = 958.991/(3x111.045) = 2.8786858
    for npresent =1.1327117…    ​

    Nucleonic Upper Limit: mcYnpresent = 1.71175285x10-27 kg* = 958.9912423 MeV*​

    Unitary Coupling Force: ϖ(npresent)/√{Ynpresent} = #f(G).cfps{alphaE/alpha} = 2πcGomplanckmpsmemc√(Ynpresent)/eh2 = 1.33606051
    alphaE = 2πGomcme/hc for mc√(Yn); as ring masses me,μ,τ are constant in kernel masses
    alphaG = 2πGomc2/hc for kernel mass mc as mcYn    ​

    Graviton-GI mass: #f(G)=alpha.mplanck/[ec]uimd transforms mps from mplanck in mXB​

    Coupling angle: θps(npresent) = Arcsin(X/ϖ(npresent)) = Arcsin(0.4625…) = 27.553674°
    Upper Bound Multiplier = 1/Lower Bound Multiplier ULM = 1/LBM = 90°/θps(npresent) = 3.26663521    ​


    Using those definitions allows construction for the diquark hierarchies following.
    Reducing the atomic scaling to its intrinsic superstring dimension shows the Higgs Bosonic Restmass Induction, corresponding to the Dilaton of M-Theory.
    Renormalizing the wavefunction B(n) about the FRB = -½ as maximum ordinate gives a probability y2dV for y(0) = √(alpha/2π) for the renormalization.
    Alpha/2π being the probability of finding the FRB fluctuation for the interval [-X,X-1] in volume element dV as the uncertainty fluctuation. This volume element defines the dimensional intersection from C-Space into F-Space via M-Space in the topological mapping of the complex Riemann C∞-Space about the Riemann pole of the FRB as the Calabi-Yau superstring apace in 10 dimensions.

    friedmann12. ZetaFibonacci.
    upload_2021-11-12_20-50-48.
    ​
    ​

    X = ½(√5-1) = 0.618033...... and Y = -(X+1) = -½(√5+1) = -1.618033...
    -X(X-1) = 0.236067... in analogue to X(X+1) = 1= T(n) and XY = X+Y = -1 = i2 as the complex origin. But 0.236067...= X3, so defining the 'New Unity' as #3 = Alpha and the precursive unity as the Cube root of Alpha or as # in the symmetry #:#3 = SNI:EMI = {Strong Nuclear Interaction Strength}/{Electromagnetic Interaction Strength}.

    The Strong-Interaction-Constant SIC = √Alpha = √e2/2εohc = √(60πe2/h) in standard and in string units, reduces the SNI fine structure constant # by a factor Alpha1/6 ; that is in the sixth root of alpha and so relates the SIC at the post quantization level as # to the pre-quantum epoch as SIC = √Alpha = #3/2.

    The SNI is therefore so 11.7 times weaker at the XL-Boson 'Grand-Unification-Time' SEW.G of heterotic superstring class HO(32), then at the EpsEss time instantaneity S.EW.G of the superstring of the Quantum Big Bang in heterotic class HE(8x8) {this is the string class of Visi in the group theories}.

    This then is the Bosonic Gauge Heterosis Coupling between superstrings HO(32) and HE(8x8). The coupling between superstrings IIA (ECosmic and manifesting the cosmic rays as superstring decay products) and IIB (Magnetic Monopole) derives directly from the B(n), with B(n=0) = Jo = 2e/hA
    = 0.9927298 1/J* or 6.2705x109 GeV* and representative of the ECosmic string class and the super high energy resonances in the cosmic ray spectrum, bounded in the monopolar resonance limit of 2.7x1016 GeV*.

    The Unity of the SNI transforms to [1-X] = X2 and the EMI transforms as the Interaction of Invariance from X to X.
    The Weak Nuclear Interaction or WNI as X2 becomes [1+X] = 1/X and the Gravitational Interaction or GI transforms as X3 transforms to [2+X] = 1/X2 by modular symmetry between X and Alpha and the encompassing Unification Unity: [1-X][X][1+X][2+X] = 1.

    This Unification Polynomial U(u) = u4+2u3-u2-2u+1 = 0 then has minimum roots (as quartic solutions) at the Phi = X and the Golden Mean Y = -(1+X).
    This sets the coupling between SNI and EMI as X; the coupling between EMI and WNI becomes X2 and the coupling between WNI and GI then is again X.

    The general Force-Interaction-Ratio so is: SNI:EMI:WNI:GI = SEWG = #:#3:#18:#54.
    Typical decay rates for the nested fundamental interactions then follow the order in the light path lp = ctk:
    tSNI = Re/c = 2.777...x10-15 m*/3x108 m*/s* = 0.925925...10-24 s* ~ (Order 10-23 s*)
    tEMI = tSNI/α = 10-23 s*/(7.30x10-3) = 1.37x10-21 s* ~ Order (10-21 s*)
    tWNI =tSNI/α6 = 10-23 s*/(1.51x10-13) = 6.62x10-11 s* ~ Order (10-10 s*)
    tGI = tSNI/α18 = 10-23 s*/(3.44x10-39) = 2.91x1015 s* ~ Order (1015 s* ~ 92 million years characterizing the half-lives of trans uranium elements like Plutonium Pu-244 at 79x106 y)

    This is the generalization for the cubic transform: x→x3 with the Alpha-Unity squaring in the functionality of the WNI and defining G-Alpha as Alpha18 in the Planck-Mass transforming in string bosonic reduction to a fundamental nucleonic mass (proton and neutrons as up-down quark conglomerates and sufficient to construct a physical universe of measurement and observation):
    mc = mplanck Alpha9 from the electromagnetic string unification with gravitation in the two dimensionless fine structures:

    For Gravitational Mass Charge from higher D Magnetic Charge: 1 = 2πGo.mplanck2/hc
    For Electromagnetic Coulomb Charge as lower D Electric Charge: Alpha = 2πke2/hc

    Alpha as the universal primary constant of creation, then becomes defined via the Riemann Analysis from XY = i2 definition, reflecting in modulation in the statistical renormalization of the B(n) as the probability distributions in quantum wave mechanics, however.

    U(u) has its maximum at u = -½ = FRB for U(-½) = 25/16 = (5/4)2 for the B(n) supersymmetry. A symmetry for B(n) is found for B(n) = i2 = -1.

    (u)=0 for an FRB=½ indicating a cosmological relationship to the Riemann hypothesis with respect to the distribution of prime numbers and Riemann's zeta function.

    The derivation of the HBRMI draws upon this definition process and sets the coupling angle as Arcsin(X/ϖ) for a Unitary 'Force' ϖ =(#fG).cfpsE-Alpha/Alpha and with the electron mass replacing the fundamental nucleon mass mc in the definition of E-Alpha.
    A disassociated GI unifies with the WNI in the L-Boson and is supersymmetric to an intrinsic unification between the SNI and the EMI as the X-Boson for the duality fGfS = 1 in modular definition of a characteristic GI-mass #fG as the disassociated elementary gauge field interaction. The transformation of the 5 superstring classes proceeds in utilizing the self-duality of superstring IIB as the first energy transformation of the Inflaton in the Planck string class I trans mutating into the monopole string class IIB.


    Wikipedia reference:
    F-theory is a branch of string theory developed by Cumrun Vafa.[1] The new vacua described by F-theory were discovered by Vafa and allowed string theorists to construct new realistic vacua — in the form of F-theory compactified on elliptically fibered Calabi–Yau four-folds. The letter "F" supposedly stands for "Father".[2]
    F-theory is formally a 12-dimensional theory, but the only way to obtain an acceptable background is to compactify this theory on a two-torus. By doing so, one obtains type IIB superstring theory in 10 dimensions. The SL(2,Z) S-duality symmetry of the resulting type IIB string theory is manifest because it arises as the group of large diffeomorphisms of the two-dimensional torus

    The transformation of the 5 superstring classes proceeds in utilizing the self-duality of superstring IIB as the first energy transformation of the Inflaton in the Planck string class I trans mutating into the monopole string class IIB and residing in the 2-toroidal bulk space of Vafa as our Riemann 3-dimensional surface describing the VPE-ZPE of the micro quantum of the qbb.
    The Eps-Weyl wormhole of topological closure so is holographically and conformally mapped onto the bulk space in 12 dimensions as a braned volumar evolving by mirror duality of the 11dimensional closed AdS membrane space of Witten's M-space as Vafa's F-space and mirroring the hyperbolic topology of 10-dimensional C-space as an open dS cosmology in an overall measured and observed Euclidean flatness of zero curvature.

    Vafa's F-space so can be named the omniverse hosting multiple universes which are nested in parallel time space and defined initial and boundary conditions valid and applicable for all universes as a multiversal parameter space.
    The quantization of mass m so indicates the coupling of the Planck Law in the frequency parameter to the Einstein law in the mass parameter.
    The postulated basis of M-Theory utilizes the coupling of two energy-momentum eigenstates in the form of the modular duality between so termed 'vibratory' (high energy and short wavelengths) and 'winding' (low energy and long wavelengths) self-states.

    The 'vibratory' self-state is denoted in: Eps=Eprimary sourcesink = hfps = mpsc2 and the 'winding' and coupled self-state is denoted by: Ess = Esecondary sinksource = hfss = mssc2.

    The F-Space Unitary symmetry condition becomes: fpsfss = rpsrss = (λps/2π)(2πλss) = 1
    The coupling constants between the two eigenstates are so:

    EpsEss = h2 and Eps/Ess = fps2 = 1/fss2 The Supermembrane EpsEss then denotes the coupled superstrings in their 'vibratory' high energy and 'winded' low energy self-state within an encompassing super eigen state of quantum entanglement.
    The coupling constant for the vibratory high energy describes a maximized frequency differential over time in df/dt|max = fps2 and the coupling constant for the winded low energy describes its minimized reciprocal in df/dt|min = fss2.

    F-Theory also crystallizes the following string formulations from the EpsEss super brane parameters.

    Electromagnetic Fine structure: (Planck-Stoney QR units*)…………………..…..….[Eq.XII-1]
    αe = 2πkee2/hc = e2/2ε0hc = μoe2c/2h = 60πe2/h…………………………….…………...…[Eq.XII-2]
    Gravitational Fine structure (Electron): αg = 2πGome2/hc = {me/mplanck}2………..[Eq.XII-3]
    Gravitational Fine structure (Primordial Nucleon): αn = 2πGomc2/hc………….….[Eq.XII-4]
    Gravitational Fine structure (Planck Boson): αPlanck = 2πGomplanck2/hc……….……[Eq.XII-5]

    1/Eps = e* = 2Rec2 = √{4αhce2/2πGome2} = 2e√α[mP/me] = 2e√{αe/αg} = {2e2/me} √(ke/Go) = 2e2/Gome = e2/2πεome for Go = 1/ke = 4πεo
    for a cosmological unification of fine structures in unitary coupling E*.e*=1 in [Nm2/kg2]=[m3s-2/kg]=1/[Nm2/C2]=[C2m-3s2/kg] for [C2]=[m6/s4]
    and [C]=[m3/s2]. Eps = 1/Ess = 1/e* = √{αg/αe}/2e = Gome/2e2

    Here e* is defined as the inverse of the sourcesink vibratory superstring energy quantum Eps = E* and becomes a New Physical Measurement Unit is the Star Coulomb (C*) and as the physical measurement unit for 'Physical Consciousness'.
    Re is the 'classical electron radius' coupling the 'point electron' of Quantum- Electro-Dynamics (QED) to Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and given in the electric potential energy of Coulomb's Law in: mec2 = kee2/Re; and for the electronic monopolar rest mass me.

    Alpha α is the electromagnetic fine structure coupling constant α = 2πkee2/hc for the electric charge quantum e, Planck's constant h and lightspeed constant c.
    Go is the Newtonian gravitational constant as applicable in the Planck-Mass
    mP = √(hc/2πGo) and the invariance of the gravitational parameter G(n)M(n)=GoXn.mcYn.

    As the Star Coulomb unit describes the inverse sourcesink string energy as an elementary energy transformation from the string parametrization into the realm of classical QFT and QED, this transformation allows the reassignment of the Star Coulomb (C*) as the measurement of physical space itself.
    The following derivations lead to a simplified string formalism as boundary- and initial conditions in a de Sitter cosmology encompassing the classical Minkowskian-Friedmann spacetimes holographically and fractally in the Schwarzschild metrics.

    The magnetic field intensity B is classically described in the Biot-Savart Law:
    B =μoqv/4πr2 = μoi/4πr = μoqω/4πr = μoNef/2r
    for a charge count q=Ne; angular velocity ω=v/r=2πf; current i = dq/dt and the current element i.dl = dq.(dl/dt) = vdq.
    The Maxwell constant then can be written as an (approximating) fine structure:

    μoεo = 1/c2 = (120π/c)(1/120πc) to crystallize 'free space impedance' Zo = √(μo/εo) = 120π ~ 377 Ohm (Ω).
    This vacuum resistance Zo so defines a 'Unified Action Law' in a coupling of the electric permittivity component (εo) of inertial mass and the magnetic permeability component (μo) of gravitational mass in the Equivalence Principle of General Relativity.

    A unified self-state of the pre-inertial (string- or brane) cosmology so is obtained from the fine structures for the electric- and gravitational interactions coupling a so defined electropolar mass to magnetopolar mass, respectively.

    The Planck-Mass is given from Unity 1 = 2πGmP2/hc and the Planck-Charge derives from Alpha=2πkee2/hc and where ke=1/4πεo in the electromagnetic fine structure describing the probability interaction between matter and light (as about 1/137).

    The important aspect of alpha relates to the inertia coupling of Planck-Charge to Planck-Mass as all inertial masses are associated with Coulombic charges as inertial electropoles; whilst the stringed form of the Planck-Mass remains massless as gravitational mass. It is the acceleration of electropoles coupled to inertial mass, which produces electromagnetic radiation (EMR); whilst the analogy of accelerating magnetopoles coupled to gravitational mass and emitting electromagnetic monopolar radiation (EMMR) remains hitherto undefined in the standard models of both cosmology and particle physics.

    But the coupling between electropoles and magnetopoles occurs as dimensional intersection, say between a flat Minkowskian spacetime in 4D and a curved de Sitter spacetime in 5D (and which becomes topologically extended in 6-dimensional Calabi-Yau tori and 7-dimensional Joyce manifolds in M-Theory).
    The formal coupling results in the 'bounce' of the Planck-Length in the pre-Big Bang scenario, and which manifests in the de Broglie inflaton-instanton.

    The Planck-Length LP = √(hG/2πc3) 'oscillates' in its Planck-Energy mP = h/λPc = h/2πcLP to give √Alpha).LP = e/c2 in the coupling of 'Stoney units' suppressing Planck's constant 'h' to the 'Planck units' suppressing charge quantum 'e'.
    Subsequently, the Planck-Length is 'displaced' in a factor of about 11.7 = 1/√Alpha = √(h/60π)/e and using the Maxwellian fine structures and the unity condition keGo=1 for a dimensionless string coupling Go = 4πεo, describing the 'Action Law' for the Vacuum Impedance as Action=Charge2, say via dimensional analysis:

    Zo = √([Js2/C2m]/[C2/Jm]) = [Js]/[C2] = [Action/Charge2] in Ohms [Ω = V/I = Js/C2] and proportional to [h/e2] as the 'higher dimensional source' for the manifesting superconductivity of the lower dimensions in the Quantum Hall Effect (~e2/h), the conductance quantum (2e2/h) and the Josephson frequencies (~2e/h) in Ohms [Ω].

    This derivation so indicates an electromagnetic cosmology based on string parameters as preceding the introduction of inertial mass (in the quantum Big Bang) and defines an intrinsic curvature within the higher dimensional (de Sitter) universe based on gravitational mass equivalents and their superconductive monopolar current flows.

    A massless, but monopolar electromagnetic de Sitter universe would exhibit intrinsic curvature in gravitational mass equivalence in its property of closure under an encompassing static Schwarzschild metric and a Gravitational String-Constant Go = 1/ke = 1/30c (as given in the Maxwellian fine structures in the string space).

    In other words, the Big Bang manifested inertial parameters and the matter content for a subsequent Cosmo evolution in the transformation of gravitational 'curvature energy', here called gravita as precursor for inertia into inertial mass seedlings, both however describable in Black Hole physics and the Schwarzschild metrics.
    The Gravitational Fine structure so derives in replacing the Planck-Mass mP by a proto-nucleonic mass: mc = √(hc/2πGo).f(alpha) = f(Alpha).mP and where f(Alpha) = Alpha9.

    The Gravitational fine structure, here named Omega, is further described in a five folded supersymmetry of the string hierarchies, the latter as indicated in the following below in excerpt. This pentagonal supersymmetry can be expressed in a number of ways, say in a one-to-one mapping of the Alpha fine structure constant as invariant X from the Euler Identity: X+Y = XY = -1 = i2 = exp(iπ).

    One can write a Unification Polynomial: (1-X)(X)(1+X)(2+X) = 1 or X4+2X3-X2-2X+1 = 0 to find the coupling ratios: f(S)¦f(E)¦f(W)¦f(G) = #¦#3¦#18¦#54 from the proportionality #¦#3¦{[(#3)2]}3¦({[(#3)2]}3)3 = Cube root(Alpha):Alpha:Cuberoot(Omega):Omega.

    The Unification polynomial then sets the ratios in the inversion properties under modular duality:
    (1)[Strong short]¦(X)[Electromagnetic long]¦(X2)[Weak short]¦(X3)[Gravitational long] as 1¦X¦X2¦X3 = (1-X)¦(X)¦(1+X)¦(2+X).

    Unity 1 maps as (1-X) transforming as f(S) in the equality (1-X) = X2; X maps as invariant of the function f(E) in the equality (X) = (X); X2 maps as (1+X) transforming as f(W) in the equality (1+X) = 1/X; and X3 maps as (2+X) transforming as f(G) in the equality (2+X) = 1/X2 = 1/(1-X). The mathematical pentagonal supersymmetry from the above then indicates the physicalised T-duality of M-theory in the principle of mirror-symmetry and which manifests in the reflection properties of the heterotic string classes HO(32) and HE(64), described further in the following.

    Defining f(S) = # = 1/f(G) and f(E) = #2.f(S) then describes a symmetry breaking between the 'strong S' f(S) interaction and the 'electromagnetic E' f(E) interaction under the unification couplings.
    This couples under modular duality to f(S).f(G) = 1 = #55 in a factor #-53 = f(S)/f(G) = {f(S)}2 of the 'broken' symmetry between the long range- and the shortrange interactions.

    SEWG = 1 = Strong-Electromagnetic-Weak-Gravitational as the unified supersymmetric identity then decouples in the manifestation of string-classes in the de Broglie 'matter wave' epoch termed inflation and preceding the Big Bang, the latter manifesting at Weyl-Time as a string transformed Planck-Time as the heterotic HE(64) class.
    As SEWG indicates the Planck-String (class I, which is both open ended and closed), the first transformation becomes the suppression of the nuclear interactions sEwG and describing the self-dual monopole (string class IIB, which is loop-closed in Dirichlet brane attachment across dimensions say Kaluza-Klein R5 to Minkowskian R4 or Membrane-Space R11 to String Space R10).

    The monopole class so 'unifies' E with G via the gravitational fine structure assuming not a Weylian fermionic nucleon, but the bosonic monopole from the kGo = 1 initial-boundary condition GmM2 = kee2 for mM = kee = 30[ec] = mP√Alpha.

    The Planck-Monopole coupling so becomes mP/mM = mP/30[ec] = 1/√Alpha with f(S) = f(E)/#2 modulating
    f(G) = #2/f(E)=1/# ↔ f(G){f(S)/f(G)} = # in the symmetry breaking f(S)/f(G) = 1/#53 between short (nuclear asymptotic) and long (inverse square).
    The short-range coupling becomes f(S)/f(W) = #/#18 = 1/#17 = Cube root(Alpha)/Alpha6 and the long-range coupling is Alpha/Omega = 1/Alpha17 = #3/#54 = 1/#51 = 1/(#17)3.

    The strong nuclear interaction coupling parameter so becomes about 0.2 as the cube root of alpha and as measured in the standard model of particle physics in the form of an energy dependent 'running coupling constant' and which takes a value of αZ = 0.1184 at the energy level of the Zo weakon at about 92 GeV.

    The monopole quasi-mass [ec] describes a monopolar source current ef from the unification identity 1/e*fps = h = E*/fps as a fine structure for Planck's constant h, manifesting for a displacement λ=c/f. This is of course the GUT unification energy of the Dirac Monopole at precisely [c3] eV or 2.7x1016 GeV and the upper limit for the Cosmic Ray spectra as the physical manifestation for the string classes: {I, IIB, HO(32), IIA and HE(64) in order of modular duality transmutation}.
    The transformation of the Monopole string into the XL-Boson string decouples Gravity from sEwG in sEw.G in the heterotic superstring class HO(32). As this heterotic class is modular dual to the other heterotic class, HE(64), it is here, that the proto nucleon mass is defined in the modular duality of the heterosis in: Omega = Alpha18 = 2πGomc2/hc = (mc/mP)2.

    The HO(32) string bifurcates into a quarkian X-part and a leptonic L-part, so rendering the bosonic scalar spin as fermionic half spin in the continuation of the 'breaking' of the supersymmetry of the Planckian unification. Its heterosis with the Weyl-string then decouples the strong interaction at Weyl-Time for a Weyl-Mass mW, meaning at the time instanton of the end of inflation or the Big Bang in sEw.G becoming s.Ew.G.

    The X-Boson then transforms into a fermionic proto nucleon triquark-component (of energy ~ 10-27 kg or 560 MeV) and the L-Boson transforms into the proto-muon (of energy about 111 MeV).
    The electroweak decoupling then occurs from a time marker about 1/140th of a second from the QBBS at a temperature of 1.658x1015 K* for a Fermi-Expectation Energy about 1/365 seconds after the Big Bang at a temperature of about 3.4x1015 K and at a 'Higgs Boson' energy of about 298 GeV.

    A Bosonic decoupling preceded the electroweak decoupling about 2 nanoseconds into the cosmogenesis at the Weyl-temperature of so TWeyl = Tmax = EWeyl/kB = 1.4x1020 K as the maximum Black Hole temperature maximized in the Hawking MT modulus and the Hawking-Gibbons formulation: McriticalTmin = ½MPlanckTPlanck = (hc/2πGo)(c2/2kB) = hc3/4πkBGo for Tmin = 1.4x10-29 K and Boltzmann constant kB.

    The Hawking Radiation formula results in the scaling of the Hawking MT modulus by the factor of the 'Unified Field' spanning a displacement scale of 8π radians or 1440° in the displacement of 4λps.
    The XL-Boson mass is given in the quark-component: mX = #3mWeyl/[ec]|mod = 1.9x1015 GeV modulated in (SNI/EMI=∛{Alpha}/[Alpha]), the intrinsic unified Strong-Electroweak Interaction-Strength for the Kernel part in the Quark-Lepton hierarchy.

    The LX-Boson mass is given in the lepton-component: mL = Omega.[ec]/#2 = ([Omega]x([ec])/(mps.∛(α2) = #52[ec/mWeyl] ~ 111 MeV in functional operators f(G)xf(S) = 1 for the Ring part in the Quark-Lepton hierarchy.
    In particular f(G)/mplanck ↔ #2/[ec] for #(mps/mplanck)f(G) and the X-Boson and f(S).mplanck ↔ [ec]/#2 for #54[(mplanck/mps)f(S) for the L-Boson.

    The X-Boson's mass is: ([Alpha α]xmps/[ec]) modulated in (SNI/EMI=∛{Alpha}/[Alpha]), the intrinsic unified Strong-Electroweak Interaction-Strength and the L-Boson's mass in: ([Omega]x([ec])/(mps.∛(α2).

    When the heavy electron known as the muon was accidentally discovered in the late 1930s, Nobel physicist Isidor Isaac Rabi famously remarked, "Who ordered that?"

    It is this lepton component which necessitates the existence of the muon (and the tauon and their neutrino partners as constituents of the weak interaction gauge bosons) as a 'heavy electron', as the quantum geometry defines the muon mass in a decoupling of the L1 energy level given in a diquark hierarchy and based on a quantum geometry of the quantum relativity:
    Ten DIQUARK quark-mass-levels crystallize, including a VPE-level for the K-IR transition and a VPE-level for the IR-OR transition:

    The K-Means define individual materializing families of elementary particles:
    a (UP/DOWN-Mean) sets the (PION-FAMILY: πo, π+, π-).
    a (STRANGE-Mean) specifies the (KAON-FAMILY: Ko, K+, K-).
    a (CHARM-Mean) defines the (J/PSI=J/Ψ-Charmonium-FAMILY).
    a (BEAUTY-Mean) sets the (UPSILON=Υ-Bottonium-FAMILY).
    a (MAGIC-Mean) specifies the (EPSILON=Ε-FAMILY).
    a (DAINTY-Mean) bases the (OMICRON-Ο-FAMILY).
    a (TRUTH-Mean) sets the (KOPPA=Κ-Topomium-FAMILY) and
    a (SUPER-Mean) defines the final quark state in the (HIGGS/CHI=H/Χ-FAMILY).


    Quark Level
    Kernel-Energy in MeV
    K-Mean(x½) in MeV*
    Ring-Energy in MeV*
    IR-OR Mean in MeV*
    Ground state
    K-Mean-IR-OR-Mean
    Comments

    VPE-Level [K-IR]
    26.4924-29.9618
    gL2 = 4.11355
    2.8175-3.1865
    L2 = 1.5010 = mu
    12.6126
    K-IR VPE

    VPE-Level [IR-OR]
    86.5334-97.8657
    gL1 = 46.100
    9.2030-10.408
    L1 = 4.9028 = md
    GS2=GSVPE=41.198
    ms=2gL1+L1+L2
    =gL1+gL2+2Lu,d+L1+L2
    =98.645; 98.604
    Ds=0.041=gL2 - gL1 + 2Lu,d
    IR-OR VPE
    Ground-OR electron level

    Quark UP/DOWN-Level
    u=K; d=K+IR ubar=Kbar; dbar=Kbar+IRbar
    282.6487-319.6637
    gu,d = 150.5781
    30.060-33.997
    Lu,d = 16.014
    GS3=GSu,d=134.5641
    Pionium
    K-KIR basis

    Quark STRANGE-Level
    s=K+OR
    sbar=Kbar+ORbar
    923.2302-1,044.13
    gs = 491.8401
    98.187-111.045
    muon energy
    Ls = 52.308 L2+L1+2Lu,d+Ls = 90.740+D =ms+D{L2±L1} 92.241-97.144
    GS4=GSs=439.5321
    Kaonium
    KIR-KOR basis
    1st (K)-OR-Muon level
    d↔s KIR↔KOR Resonance

    Diquark CHARM-Level
    c=U.ubar=uu.ubar
    cbar=Ubar.u=(uu)bar.u
    3,015.59-3,410.51
    gcU = 1,606.53
    gcU-LcU-gu,d
    = mcU* = 1,285.09
    320.71-362.71
    LcU = 170.86
    GS5=GScU=1,435.67
    Charmonium Pole mass
    =GScU+0.LcU=1,435.67
    Active singlet apparent

    Diquark BEAUTY-Level
    BOTTOM-Level
    b=(ud)bar=(ud).ubar
    bbar=(ud)=(ud)bar.u
    9,849.99-11,139.93
    gb = 5,247.48
    gb-Lb-gs = mb* = 4,197.56
    1,047.6-1,184.7
    Lb = 558.08
    GS6=GSb=4,689.40
    Bottonium Pole mass
    =GSb+0.Lb+½(gL1+gL2) =4,719.51
    Active doublet apparent

    Diquark MAGIC-Level
    M=(us)bar=(us).ubar
    Mbar=(us)=(us)bar.u
    32,173.6-36,386.9
    gM = 7,140.13
    3,421.7-3,869.8
    LM = 1,822.88
    max Tauon energy
    GS7=GSM=15,317.25
    Magiconium Pole mass
    =GSM+½LM+½(gL1+gL2)+
    ½(L1+L2) = 16,262.00
    Suppressed doublet-1
    in 2nd K-OR-Tauon level M=us and M.Mbar=VPE
    in b.bbar resonance

    Diquark DAINTY-Level
    D=(dd)bar=(ud).dbar
    Dbar=(dd)=(ud)bar.d


    105,090-118,852
    gD = 55,985.5
    11,177-12,640
    LD = 5,954.25
    GS8=GSD=50,031.25
    Daintonium Pole mass
    =GSD+0.LD+(gL1+gL2) = 50,091.46
    Suppressed triplet 1
    in D=dd and D.Dbar=VPE
    in no IROR oscillation

    Diquark TRUTH-Level
    TOP-Level
    t=(ds)bar=(ud).sbar
    tbar=(ds)=(ud)bar.s
    343,261-388,214
    gt = 182,869
    gt-Lt+gs = mt* = 163,912.6
    36,506-41,287
    Lt = 19,448.25
    GS9=GSt=163,420.75
    Toponium Pole mass
    =GSt+½.Lt+(gL1+gL2)+
    ½(L1+L2)=173,208.3
    Active triplet apparent

    Diquark SUPER-Level
    S=(ss)bar
    =(us)sbar
    Sbar=(ss)=(us)bar.s
    1,120,592-1,268,044
    gS = 97,159.0
    119,243-134,858
    LS = 63,525.27
    GS10=GSS=533,633.73
    Superonium Pole mass
    =GSS+LS+(gL1+gL2)+
    (L1+L2)=597,225.6
    suppressed triplet 2
    in S=ss and S.Sbar=VPE
    in no ORIR oscillation
    quarkhierarchies. uds-.
    Quark-Gluon Quantum Geometry in the uds-quark content    ​

    particle
    most symmetric
    quantum geometry
    basic.symbol.energy
    partitioning
    for groundstates gk (+Δ)
    energy values
    energy *
    MeV*
    energy SI
    MeV
    particle name

    p+
    u.d.u=KKIRK
    mK+[L2}-[e-]-⅓[e-]
    939.776+1.5013-
    0.5205-0.1735
    940.5833
    938.270
    charged proton

    no
    d.u.d=KIRKKIR
    mK+2[L2]-2[e-]+⅓[e-]- Δs
    939.776+3.0026-1.0410+0.1735-0.041
    941.8701
    939.554
    neutral neutron

    μ±
    OR* in 1st OR oscillation
    mL - L1 - Δ
    n[Ls : 98.19-111.05]
    111.04536-(4.9028+Δ)
    106.143-Δ
    105.6584
    charged muon

    τ±
    OR** in 2nd OR oscillation
    LM - mL+ 2gs + Ls + Lud + Δ
    1822.88-111.05+0.9837+52.31+16.01+Δ
    =1712.81+68.32+Δ
    1781.13+Δ
    1776.86
    charged tauon

    πo
    u.ubar; d.dbar
    mgu,d-Lu,d+e-+⅓e-+ Δ
    150.5781-16.014+0.6940+Δ
    135.258+Δ
    134.9776
    neutral pion
    ground
    state

    π±
    u.dbar; ubar.d
    mgu,d - Lu,d + L1 + e- + Δ
    πo + L1 - ⅓e- + Δ
    150.5781-16.014+4.9028+~e-Δ
    135.258+4.9028-0.1735+Δ
    139.987+Δ
    139.987+Δ
    139.5702
    charged pion

    λo
    d.u.s
    mno+ mπo + gL2 - L1 + Δ
    941.911+135.26+
    46.100-4.903+Δ
    1118.37+Δ
    1115.683
    neutral lambda
    The VPE-Means are indicators for average effective quark masses found interactions.
    Kernel-K-mixing of the wavefunctions gives K(+) = 60.214 MeV* and K(-) = 31.986 MeV* and the IROR-Ring-Mixing gives (L(+) = 6.404 MeV* and
    L(-) = 3.402 MeV*) for a (L-K-Mean of 1.5010 MeV*) and a (L-IROR-Mean of 4.9028 MeV*); the Electropole ([e-] = 0.52049 MeV* and 3x(0.17350 MeV* for e±/3) as the effective electron mass and as determined from the electronic radius and the magneto charge in the UFoQR.
    The rest masses for the elementary particles can now be constructed, using the basic nucleonic Restmass (mc=9.9247245x10-28 kg*=(√(OmegaxmP) for np as 1.71175286x10-27 kg* or 958.99 MeV* and setting as the basic maximum
    (UP/DOWN-K-mass=mass(KERNEL CORE)=3xmass(KKK)=3x319.6637 MeV*=958.991 MeV*).

    Subtracting the (Ring VPE 3xL(+) =19.215 MeV*, one gets the basic nucleonic K-state for the atomic nucleus (made from protons and neutrons) in: {m(n0;p+) = 939.776 MeV*}.

    A best approximation for Newton's Gravitational constant 'Big G' hence depends on an accurate determination for the neutron's inertial mass, only fixed as the base nucleon minimum mass at the birth of the universe. A fluctuating Neutron mass would also result in deviations in 'G' independent upon the sensitivity of the measuring equipment. The inducted mass difference in the protonic-and neutronic rest masses, derives from the Higgs-Restmass-Scale and can be stated in a first approximation as the ground state. A basic nucleon rest mass is mc=√Omega.mP = 9.9247245x10-28 kg* or 958.99 MeV*. (Here Omega is a gauge string factor coupling in the fundamental force interactions as: Cube root(Alpha):Alpha:Cuberoot(Omega):Omega and for Omega = G-alpha.)

    KKK-Kernel mass = Up/Down-HiggsLevel=3x319.66 MeV*= 958.99 MeV*, using the Kernel-Ring and Family-Coupling Constants.
    Subtracting the Ring-VPE (3L) gives the basic nucleonic K-State as 939.776 MeV*. This excludes the electronic perturbation of the IR-OR oscillation.

    For the Proton, one adds one (K-IR-Transition energy) and subtracts the electron-mass for the dquark level and for the Neutron one doubles this to reflect the up-down-quark differential.
    An electron perturbation subtracts one 2-2/3=4/3 electron energy as the difference between 2 leptonic rings from the proton's 2 up-quarks and 2-1/3=5/3 electron energy from the neutron' singular up-quark to relate the trisected nucleonic quark geometric template. The neutron’s down-strange oscillation, enabling its beta decay into a left-handed proton, a left-handed electron and a right-handed antineutrino subtracts Ds = gL2 - gL1 + 2Lu,d = 0.041 MeV* as a d* = s quark differential.

    Proton mp=u.d.u=K.KIR.K=(939.776+1.5013-0.5205-0.1735) MeV* = 940.5833 MeV* (938.270 MeV) Neutron mn=d.u.d=KIR.K.KIR=(939.776+3.0026-1.0410+0.1735-0.041) MeV*=941.87 MeV*(939 MeV).

    This is the ground state from the Higgs-Restmass-Induction-Mechanism and reflects the quarkian geometry as being responsible for the inertial mass differential between the two elementary nucleons. All ground state elementary particle masses are computed from the Higgs-Scale and then become subject to various fine structures. Overall, the measured gravitational constant 'G' can be said to be decreasing over time.

    The Higgs Boson HB is said of having been measured in the decay of W's, Z’s, and Tau Leptons, as well as the bottom- and top-quark systems described in the table and the text addressing K-KIR-KOR transitions. The K means core for kernel and the IR means Inner Ring and the OR mean Outer Ring. The Rings are derivatives from the L-Boson of the HO(32 string class) and the Kernels are the products of the decay of the X-Boson from the same brane source. So, the Tau-decay relates to 'Rings' which are charmed and strange and bottomized and topped, say. They are higher energy manifestations of the basic nucleons of the proton and the neutrons and basic mesons and hyperons.

    The energy resonances of the Z-boson (uncharged) represent an 'average' or statistical mean value of the 'Top-Quark' and the Upper-Limit for the Higgs Boson is a similar 'Super-Quark' 'average' and as the weak interaction unification energy.
    A postulated energy for the Higgs Boson of so 110 GeV is the Omicron-resonance, is inferred from the table above. The most fundamental way to generate the Higgs Boson as a 'weak interaction' gauge is through the coupling of two equal mass, but oppositely charged W-bosons (of whom the Zo is the uncharged counterpart).
    The W-mass is a summation of all the other quark-masses as kernel-means from the strangeness upwards to the truth-quark level.
    Then doubling the 80.622 GeV* and 80.424 GeV mass of the weak-interaction gauge boson must represent the basic form of the Higgs Boson and that is 161.244 GeV* or 160.847 GeV as a function of the electro-weak coupling and related as a 'charged current' weak interaction to a 'neutral current' interaction mediated by the Zo boson of energy about 91 GeV* to sum for a 'Vacuum Expectation Value' of about 252 GeV*.

    Higgs Boson Weakon WNI-Mass MHBWZ = {W- + W+ + Zo} GeV* = {80.622 + 80.622 + 91.435} GeV* = 252.68 GeV*
    {(14.11355+46.100)+(1.5010+4.9028)+(150.571+491.8401+1,606.53+5,247.48+17,140.13+55,985.5)+(182,869)+(597.159.0)} = {60.2136}+{6.404}+{80,622.05}+{182,869}+{597,159} = {66.6618}+{80,622.05}+{2x91,434.5}+{2x298,580} = 860,716.7 MeV*

    Kernel-Inner Ring VPE = 0.04611 GeV*
    Kernel-Outer Ring VPE = 0.01411 GeV*
    Pion-(KIR-Quark d)-VPE = 0.1501 GeV*
    Kaon-(KOR-Quark s=d*)-VPE = 0.4918 GeV*
    Charm-(Diquark U=uu)-VPE = 1.60653 GeV*
    Bottom-(Diquark b=ud)-VPE = 5.24748 GeV*
    Magic-(Diquark m=us)-VPE = 17,140.13 GeV*
    Dainty-(Diquark D=dd)-VPE = 55,985.5 GeV*
    Top-(Diquark t=ds)-VPE = 182,869 GeV*
    Super-(Diquark S=ss)-VPE = 597,159 GeV*


    Quark q
    Diquark Structure qq
    Manifesto    		 
    Mean-Kernel-Mass
    GeV*

    Mean-Ring-Mass
    GeV*
    Higgs Boson
    Mass Integration

    Kernel-Outer Ring VPE1
    K↔IR↔OR
    Kernel-Mesonic-Leptonic
    KIR=d
    KOR=s    		 
    K1
    0.01411355


    L1
    0.0015010    		 

    Kernel-Inner Ring VPE2
    K↔IR
    Kernel-Mesonic
    K=u    		 
    K2
    0.046100
    L2
    0.0049028
    ½(K2-L2)
    0.0206

    Pion-(KIR-Quark d)
    Base KIR Quark
    uq, dq    		 
    0.1505781
    0.016014
    ∑(d)
    =0.1506

    Kaon-(KOR-Quark s=d*)
    Resonance KOR Quark
    sq    		 
    0.49184

    0.052308

    ∑(d+s)
    =0.6419

    Charm-(Diquark U=uu)
    Diquark Singlet
    Active
    Uqbar
    c=Uubar    		 
    1.60653
    0.17086
    ∑(d+s+U)
    =2.24843

    Bottom-(Diquark b=ud)
    Diquark Doublet
    Active
    bqbar    		 
    5.24748
    0.55808
    ∑(d+s+U+b)
    =7.4959

    Magic-(Diquark m=us)
    Diquark Doublet
    Suppressed    		  
    17.14013
    1.82288
    ∑(d+s+U+b+m)
    =24.636

    Dainty-(Diquark D=dd)
    Diquark Triplet
    Suppressed    		  
    55.9855
    5.95425
    ∑(d+s+U+b+m+D)
    =80.622 = MW

    Top-(Diquark t=ds)
    Diquark Triplet
    Active
    tqbar    		 
    182.869
    19.44825
    ½{t}
    =91.4345 = MZ

    Super-(Diquark S=ss)
    Diquark Triplet
    Suppressed    		  
    597.159
    63.52527
    ½{S}
    =298.58 = HVE
    ​
    ∑(MW+ + MW- + MZo) = 2MHBo = (80.622 + 80.622 + 91.4345) GeV* = 252.679 GeV*
    For Universal Electro-Weak Unification:
    2MBHo/Ynpresent = 2MBHoe/c2Ynpresent = 2.6150x10-25 kg* for 2πRHBo = h/MHBoc and RHBo = 1.3525x10-18 m*

    Restmass-Photon RMP is quantized in volumar 2π2RRMP3.fps2|constant = e* for RRMPo = 1.41188...x10-20 m*
    HVE - 2MHBo = (298.58 - 252.679) GeV* = 45.901 GeV* HVE - MHBo = (298.58 - 126.340) GeV* = 172.24 GeV* = Top-Quark Mass

    Fermi Constant for Electro-Weak WNI Unification for universal alpha = 60πe2/h:
    Fo(α) = απ/{√2.MW2.(1-MW2/MZ2)} = 1.5338574x10-3.α = 1.12067834x10-5 = 1/{298.72 GeV*)2 for universal alpha = 60πe2/h
    Fermi Constant for Electro-Weak WNI Unification for 'running' alpha = α':
    Fo(α') = α'π/{√2.MW2.(1-MW2/MZ2)} = 1.5338574x10-3.α' = 1.166378x10-5 = 1/{292.81 GeV*)2 for universal alpha = 60πe2/h with Fo(α)/Fo(α') = α/α' = 0.9608186 = 1/1.0407792 for α < α'
    Fermi-HVE(α) = 292.81 GeV* = (298.72 - 5.8894 - 0.0206) GeV* = Fermi-HVE(α') - ∑(b+s+d) - ½{K2-L2} = 292.81 GeV*
    Fermi-HVE(α') = 298.72 GeV* = (298.58 + 0.14) GeV* = HEV + 6 ∑(b+s+d) + Mπ for base VPE = uubar = Mπo = ∑(d) - δ{K↔IR↔OR}
    {Mπ = Mπo + L2 - ⅓me = 0.1399945 GeV* for Mπo = 0.150578 - 0.01604 + (1+⅓)me = 0.150578 - 0.016014 + 0.000694 = 0.135258 GeV*}

    Weinberg Angle:
    cosθW = MW/MZ = 80.622/91.4345 = 0.881746 = g/√(g2+g'2)
    sinθW = √(1 - cos2θW) = √0.222524 = 0.471725 = g'/√(g2+g'2)
    g'/g = tanθW = sinθW/cosθW = 0.53498967 for g'< g
    2{ g'α/gα'} = 2{0.53498967/1.0407792} = 1.02805604 = 28.1463°/27.553674° = 1.02150806 + δ(0.006548)
    for θW = arccos{0.88175} = 28.1463° = 27.553674° + 0.5926°

    Modular ylem mass:
    M|mod = Mchandra = Mm = fps|mod from monopolar displacement current:
    2πi/c = 2πefps/c = 2πe/λps = e/rps = e.rss = 2πeλss for 2πi = [ec].rss as monopolar displacement current
    2πi = 2πλss[ec] = 2πe[λssc] = 2πe[fpsλpsλss] = 2πefps = 2πec/λps ⇔ 2πec/lplanck√α = 2πec3/e = 2π[ec]c2/e = 2πM|modc2/e
    i = efps = M|modc2/e for e2fps|mod = M|modc2 for [h/c2]fps|mod = [E/f][m/E]fps|mod = M|mod = Mm


    Kernel-VPE-Mixing:
    K(+) = K+ + K- = 60.21355 with K(-) = K+ - K- = 31.98645 L(+) = L+ + L- = 6.40128 with L(-) = L+ - L- = 3.4018
    K2 + L2 = 0.0510 GeV* for Kernel-Inner Ring VPE2 K→IR for Gluonic Kernel to Mesonic Inner Ring K1 + L1 = 0.0156 GeV* for K-Outer Ring VPE1 (K→)IR→OR for Mesonic Inner Ring to Leptonic Outer Ring
    K2 - L2 = 0.0412 GeV* for Kernel-Inner Ring VPE2 K→IR for Gluonic Kernel Base VPE K1 - L1 = 0.0126 GeV* for Kernel-Outer Ring VPE1 (K→)IR→OR for (Gluonic Kernel)

    From Electro-Weak Unification parameters: {1eV = 1.0024656 eV*} with T(nEW=4.67x10-21) = 3.40x1015 K*

    MW± = ΣKernel-Mean = mup-down+mstrange+mcharm+mbottom+mmagic+mdainty =
    0.151+0.492+1.607+5.247+17.140+55.986 = 80.622 GeV* or 80.424 GeV
    MZo = 91.435 GeV* or 91.210 GeV
    MHχ = 298.580 GeV* or 297.846 GeV

    √2.Fermi Constant G = √2.GF = √2{πα/(√2.MW2[1-MW2/MZ2])} = (1/Higgs-Vacuum-Expectation HVE)2
    = 1.5848x10-5 GeV-2* for HVE=251.19 GeV* or 250.58 GeV

    As the Charmonium quark state is defined by the coupling of a double-up-diquark U=uu to an anti-up-quark as c=U.u(bar) and so as a quark molecule as the quark singlet state of 3 interacting quarks; whilst the diquark doublet of bottom-magic {b=[ud].ubar and m=[us].ubar} and the diquark triplet of dainty-top-super {D=[dd].U and t=[ds].U and S=[ss].U} form double quarks; the Kernel-Mean of the Charmonium energy level is added to the HVE and the Difference-VPE levels for the K-IR - IR-OR transitions are subtracted for the quark-antiquark coupling.

    MW- + MW+ + MZo = 252.68 GeV* ≈ HVE + mcharm - (mK(+)+mK(-)+mL(+)+mL(-))
    = (251.19 + 1.60653 - [0.0922+0.009806]) = 252.69 GeV* or 252.07 GeV
    mcharm - (mK(+)+mK(-)+mL(+)+mL(-)) = 1.60653 - 0.102 = 1.5045 ≈ MW- + MW+ + MZo - HEV = 1.49 GeV*
    HEV = MHχ - mD + mud + 2xmcharm + mu,d = 298.580 - 55.986 + 5.24748 + 3.21306 + 0.15058 = 251.205 GeV* ≈ HEV in Kernel -Inner Ring mixing

    HEV = HB+anti-HB = 2xMhiggsboson for a Higgs Boson mean of: ½{252.68} = 126.34 GeV* or 126.03 GeV SI. Mhiggs boson = 2x{55.986+5.247+1.607+0.492+0.151+0.046+0.014} GeV* = 127.09 GeV* = 126.77 GeV SI
    for an upper bound including the base quarks u,d,s and at the Dainty diquark resonance level.

    Using the 3 Diquark energy levels U,D and S yield Mhiggsboson = 2x{55.986+5.247+1.607} GeV* = 125.68 GeV* and 125.37 GeV SI. Subtracting the u,d means and the VPE mixing corrections gives:
    125.68 - (gL2+gL1+gu,d+L2+L1+Lu,d) = 125.68 - 0.23321 = 125.447 GeV* or 125.138 GeV SI for a measured mass of the Higgs Boson.

    higgsparticle.

    SM. ​


    Quantum Relativity describes the creation of the Higgs Boson from even more fundamental templates of the so called 'gauges'. The Higgs Boson is massless but consists of two classical electron rings and a massless doubled neutrino kernel, and then emerges in the magneto charge induction as mass carrying Goldstone gauge boson.


    Higgs Boson resonances found by ATLAS and CMS as diquark conglomerates and Diphotons of CERN as Top-Super diquarks

    The 'make-up' of the Higgs Boson can be highlighted in a discovery of a 160 GeV Higgs Boson energy and incorporating the lower energy between 92 GeV and to the upper dainty level at 130 GeV as part of the diquark triplet of the associated topomium energy level. In particular, as the bottomium doublet minimum is at 5,247.48 MeV* and the topomium triplet minimum is at 55,985.5 MeV* in terms of their characteristic Kernel-Means, their doubled sum indicates a particle-decay excess at the recently publicized ~125 GeV energy level in 2x(5.24748+55.9855) GeV* = 122.466 GeV* (or 122.165 GeV SI).

    moby10.
    ​
    ​

    These are the two means from ATLAS {116-130 GeV as 123 GeV} and CMS {115-127 GeV as 121 GeV} respectively. http://press.web.cern.ch/press/PressReleases/Releases2011/PR25.11E.html

    Then extending the minimum energy levels, like as in the case to calculate the charged weakon gauge field agent energy in the charm and the VPE perturbations as per the table given, specifies the 125 GeV energy level in the Perturbation Integral/Summation:
    2x{55.986+5.247+1.607+0.492+0.151+0.046+0.014} GeV* = 127.09 GeV*, which become about 126.77 GeV SI as an upper bound for this 'Higgs Boson' at the Dainty quark resonance level and using the 3 Diquark energy levels U,D and S yield 2x{55.986+5.247+1.607} GeV* = 125.68 GeV* and 125.37 GeV SI.

    Some data/discovery about the Higgs Boson aka the 'God-Particle' states, that there seems to be a 'resonance-blip' at an energy of about 160 GeV and as just one of say 5 Higgs Bosons for a 'minimal supersymmetry'. One, the lowest form of the Higgs Boson is said to be about 110 GeV in the Standard Model. There is also a convergence of the HB to an energy level of so 120 GeV from some other models. But according to QR, the Higgs Boson, is that is not a particular particle, but relates to all particles in its 'scalar nature' as a rest mass inducer. It is natural, that an extended form of the Higgs Boson can show a blip at the 160 GeV mark and due to its nature as a 'polarity' neutralizer (a scalar particle has no charge and no spin but can be made up of two opposite electric charges and say two opposing chirality of spin orientations.)

    As can be calculated from the table entries below; a (suppressed Top-Super Diquark Resonance is predicted as a (ds)UUbar(ss)=(ds).u.ubar.u.ubar.(ss) quark complex or diquark molecule averaged at 182.869+597.159)GeV=780.03 GeV.
    In the diquark triplet {dd; ds; ss}={Dainty; Top; Super} a Super-Superbar resonance at 1.1943 TeV can also be inferred with an 'IR-OR triplet suppressed' Super-Dainty resonance at 653.145 GeV* and the Top-Dainty resonance at 238.855 GeV* by the Higgs Boson summation as indicated below.

    Supersymmetric partners become unnecessary in the Standard Model, extended into the diquark hierarchies. Next, we interpret this scalar (or sterile) Double-Higgs (anti)neutrino as a majoron and lose the distinction between antineutrino and neutrino eigenstates.
    We can only do this in the case of the Zo decay pattern, which engage the boson spin of the Zo as a superposition of two antineutrinos for the matter case and the superposition of two neutrinos in the antimatter case from first principles.

    So, the Zo is a Majorana particle, which merges the templates of two antineutrinos say and spin induces the Higgs-Antineutrino. And where does this occur? It occurs at the Mesonic-Inner-Ring Boundary previously determined at the 2.776x10-18 meter marker. This marker so specifies the Zo Boson energy level explicitly as an upper boundary relative to the displacement scale set for the kernel at the wormhole radius rps=λps/2π and the classical electron radius as the limit for the nuclear interaction scale at 3 fermis in: RcomptonAlpha.


    Then the particle masses of the standard model in QED and QCD become Compton-Masses, which are Higgs-mass-induced at the Mesonic-Inner-Ring (MIR) marker at RMIR=2.777...x10-18 meters. A reformulation of the rotational dynamics associated with the monopolar naturally superconductive current flow and the fractalization of the static Schwarzschild solution follows in a reinterpretation of the Biot-Savart Law.

    The Biot-Savart Law: B = μoqv/4πr2 = μoi/4πr = μoNef/2r = μoNeω/4πr for angular velocity ω=v/r transforms into B = constant(e/c3)gxω
    in using acentripetal = v2/r = rω2 for g = GoM/r2 = (2GoM/c2)(c2/2r2) = (RSc2/2R2) for a Schwarzschild solution RS = 2GoM/c2.
    B = constant(eω/rc)(v/c)2 = μoNeω/4πr yields constant = μoNc/4π = (120πN/4π) = 30N with e = mM/30c for 30N(eω/c3)(GoM/R2) = 30N(mM/30c)ω(2GoM/c2)/(2cR2) = NmM(ω/2c2R)(RS/R) = {M}ω/2c2R. Subsequently, B = Mw/2c2R = NmM(RS/R){ω/2c2R} to give a manifesting mass M fine structured in M = NmM(RS/R) for N = 2n in the superconductive 'Cooper-Pairings' for a charge count q = Ne = 2ne. Factor 2Rc2 is then proportional to magneto charge e*=2Rec2=1/Eps with units GoM=M/ke=4peoM

    The string-parametric Biot-Savart law then relates the angular momentum of any inertial object of mass M with angular velocity ω in self inducing a magnetic flux intensity given by B = Mω/2Rc2 and where the magnetic flux and magnetic field strength relate inversely to a displacement R from the center of rotation and as a leading term approximation for applicable perturbation series.
    The units for magnetic field B reform from the magneto charge units [C*] from Tesla [T]*=[Js/Cm2]*=[J/Am2]*=[kgm2s-2]*/[Cm2s-1]*=[kg/s]*/[C*]=[kg/s]*/[m3/s2]*=[Mw/C*]*

    All inertial objects are massless as 'Strominger branes' or extremal boundary Black Hole equivalents and as such obey the static and basic Schwarzschild metric as gravita template for inertia.
    This also crystallizes the Sarkar Black Hole boundary as the 100 Mpc limit (RSarkar = (Mo/Mcritical.RHubble) = 0.028.RHubble~237 Million lightyears) for the cosmological principle, describing large scale homogeneity and isotropy, in the supercluster scale as the direct 'descendants' of Daughter Black Holes from the Universal Mother Black Hole describing the Hubble Horizon as the de Sitter envelope for the Friedmann cosmology for the oscillatory universe bounded in the Hubble nodes as a standing waveform.

    But any mass M has a Schwarzschild radius RS for N = (M/mM){R/RS} = (M/mM){Rc2/2GoM} = {Rc2/2GmM} = {R/RM} for a monopolar Schwarzschild radius RM = 2GomM/c2 = 2Go(30ec)/c2
    = 60ec/30c3 = 2e/c2 = 2LP√Alpha = 2OLP.

    Any mass M is quantized in the Monopole mass mM = mP√Alpha in its Schwarzschild metric and where the characterizing monopolar Schwarzschild radius represents the minimum metric displacement scale as the Oscillation of the Planck-Length in the form 2LP√Alpha~LP/5.85.

    This relates directly to the manifestation of the magnetopole in the lower dimensions, say in Minkowskian spacetime in the coupling of inertia to Coulombic charges, which is the electro pole and resulting in the creation of the mass-associated electromagnetic fields bounded in the c-invariance.

    From the Planck-Length Oscillation or 'LP-bounce': OLP = LP√Alpha = e/c2 in the higher (collapsed or enfolded) string dimensions, the electro pole e = OLP.c2 maps the magnetopole e*= 2Re.c2 as 'inverse source energy' EWeyl = hfWeyl and as function of the classical electron radius
    Re = kee2/mec2 = RCompton.Alpha = RBohr1.Alpha2 = 1010{2πrps/360} = {e*/2e}.OLP.

    The resulting reflection-mirror space of the M-Membrane space (in 11D) so manifests the 'higher D' magneto charge 'e*' as inertial in the monopolar current [ec], that is the electropolar Coulomb charge 'e'.

    This M-space becomes then mathematically formulated in the gauge symmetry of the algebraic Lie group E8 and which generates the inertial parameters of the classical Big Bang in the Weylian limits and as the final Planck-String transformation. This descriptor of a string-based cosmology so relates the inherent pentagonal supersymmetry in the cosmogenesis to the definition of the Euler identity in its fine structure X+Y = XY = i2 = -1, and a resulting quadratic with roots the Golden Mean and the Golden Ratio of the ancient omniscience of harmonics, inclusive of the five Platonic solids mapping the five superstring classes.

    The quantization of mass m so indicates the coupling of the Planck Law in the frequency parameter to the Einstein law in the mass parameter.
    The postulated basis of M-Theory utilizes the coupling of two energy-momentum eigenstates in the form of the modular duality between so termed 'vibratory' (high energy and short wavelengths) and 'winding' (low energy and long wavelengths) self-states. The 'vibratory' self-state is denoted in:

    Eps = Eprimary sourcesink = hfps = mpsc2 and the 'winding' and coupled self-state is denoted by: Ess = Esecondary sinksource = hfss = mssc2
    The F-Space Unitary symmetry condition becomes: fps.fss = rps.rss = (λps/2π)(2πλss) = 1
    The coupling constants between the two eigenstates are so: EpsEss = h2 and Eps/Ess = fps2 = 1/fss2
    The Supermembrane EpsEss then denotes the coupled superstrings in their 'vibratory' high energy and 'winded' low energy self-states.
    The coupling constant for the vibratory high energy describes a maximized frequency differential over time in df/dt|max = fps2 and the coupling constant for the winded low energy describes its minimized reciprocal in df/dt|min = fss2.
    F-Theory also crystallizes the following string formulations from the EpsEss super brane parameters.

    1/Eps = e*= 2Rec2 = √{4αhce2/2πGome2} = 2e√α{mP/me} = 2kee2/me = αhc/πme

    Here e* is defined as the inverse of the sourcesink vibratory superstring energy quantum Eps = E* and becomes a New Physical Measurement Unit is the Star Coulomb (C*) and as the physical measurement unit for 'Physical Consciousness'.
    Re is the 'classical electron radius' coupling the 'point electron' of Quantum- Electro-Dynamics (QED) to Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and given in the electric potential energy of Coulomb's Law in:
    mec2 = kee2/Re; and for the electronic rest mass me.

    Alpha α is the electromagnetic fine structure coupling constant a =2πkee2/hc for the electric charge quantum e, Planck's constant h and lightspeed constant c. Go is the Newtonian gravitational constant as applicable in the Planck-Mass mP = √(hc/2πGo).

    As the Star Coulomb unit describes the inverse sourcesink string energy as an elementary energy transformation from the string parametrization into the realm of classical QFT and QED, this transformation allows the reassignment of the Star Coulomb (C*) as the measurement of physical space itself.

    tetraktys1. uds-.

    Quantum Geometry in the SU(3) Hyperon Decuplet
    starline.

    ac1. ac2. ​
     
    Last edited: Mar 26, 2023
    admin, Nov 12, 2021
    #18
  9. admin

    admin Well-Known Member Staff Member

    Messages:
    3,756
    XIV: The Monopolar Quantum Relativistic Electron
    The Monopolar Quantum Relativistic Electron - An extension of the standard model and quantum field theory

    ​

    David Tong; Cambridge University; Published on Feb 15, 2017
    Quantum Fields: The Real Building Blocks of the Universe
    Published on Feb 15, 2017
    https://youtu.be/QUMeKDlgKmk ​

    According to our best theories of physics, the fundamental building blocks of matter are not particles, but continuous fluid-like substances known as 'quantum fields'. David Tong explains what we know about these fields, and how they fit into our understanding of the Universe.


    1.(The Monopolar Quantum Relativistic Electron | Cosmogenesis - Library of Akbar Ra in Alexandria Thuban (cosmosdawn.net))
    2.((PDF) The Monopolar Quantum Relativistic Electron: An Extension of the Standard Model & Quantum Field Theory (Part 4 | Anthony P Bermanseder - Academia.edu)
    3. (https://www.academia.edu/39753909/T...rk_Lepton_Unification_in_XL_Boson_Class_HO_32)


    Despite the experimental success of the quantum theory and the extension of classical physics in quantum field theory and relativity in special and general application; a synthesis between the classical approach based on Euclidean and Riemann geometries with that of 'modern' theoretical physics based on statistical energy and frequency distributions remains to be a field of active research for the global theoretical and experimental physics community.
    In this paper a particular attempt for unification shall be indicated in the proposal of a third kind of relativity in a geometric form of quantum relativity, which utilizes the string modular duality of a higher dimensional energy spectrum based on a physics of wormholes directly related to a cosmogony preceding the cosmologies of the thermodynamic universe from inflaton to instanton.
    In this way, the quantum theory of the microcosm of the outer and inner atom becomes subject to conformal transformations to and from the instanton of a quantum big bang or qbb and therefore enabling a description of the macrocosm of general relativity in terms of the modular T-duality of 11-dimensional supermembrane theory and so incorporating quantum gravity as a geometrical effect of energy transformations at the wormhole scale.

    Using the linked Feynman lecture at Caltech as a background for the quantum relative approach; this paper shall focus on the way the classical electron with a stipulated electromagnetic mass as a function of its spacial extent exposes the difficulty encountered by quantum field theories to model nature as mathematical point-particles without spacial extent.

    In particular, a classical size for the proton can be found in an approximation ½Re.X = Rp for a classical electron radius Re and where the factor X represents the symmetry equilibrium for a ß = (v/c} = f(A) velocity ratio distribution for the effective electron rest mass me proportional to the spacial extent of the electron and evolving real solutions for the electron parameters from a quasi-complex space solution for its rest mass meo.
    Using the ß2 distribution in a unitary interval, then bounded in a function of the electromagnetic fine structure constant alpha; the SI-CODATA value for the rest mass of the electron is derived from first inflaton-based principles in the minimum energy Planck-Oscillator Eo=½hfo in a conformal mapping of the M-Sigma relation applied to the Black Hole Mass to Galactic Bulge ratio for the alpha bound. The M-Sigma ratio so can be considered as a scaling proportion between the interior of a Black Hole mapped holographically and radius-conformally as the internal monopolar volume of the electron as a basic premise of the quantum gravitational approach in quantum relativity and in scaling the Schwarzschild solution onto the electron.

    A unification condition in a conformal mapping of the alpha fine-structure α onto X described by X ⇔ α in ℵ(Transformation) = {ℵ}3 : X → α{#}3 → # → #3 → (#2)3 → {(#2)3}3 is applied in this context to indicate the relative interaction strengths of the elementary gauge interactions in proportionality: SNI:EMI:WNI:GI = SEWG = #:#3:#18:#54.

    For the symmetry equilibrium, the electric potential energy and the magnetic action energy are related for an electron velocity of veX = 0.78615138.c and an effective mass energy of mef = gme = mecf = 1.503238892x10-30 kg*. This mass-velocity relationship is supplemented by the Compton constant as: meRe = Compton constant = αh/2πc = lplanck.α.mplanck = mecrec , which proportionalises the quantum relativistic size of the electron with its mass.

    The Compton constant ensures Lorentz invariance across all reference frames in cancelling the length contraction with the relativistic mass increase in the product of the proper length lo and the proper rest mass mo as lo.mo=log.mo/g in special relativity (SR) in the self-relative reference frame of the monopolar electron.
    Subsequently then for an electron speed veX and for rec = αh/2πcmecf = 1.71676104x10-15 m* as a decreased self-relative classical electron radius given by the Compton constant, we calculate a relatively negligible monopolar velocity component in (vps/c)2 = 1/{1+rec4/([2πα]2rps4)} = 1.55261006x10-35 and characteristic for any substantial velocity for the electron.

    The analysis then defines a maximum velocity for the electron with a corresponding quantum relative minimum mass in the form of the electron (anti)neutrino in ve|max = (1 - 3.282806345x10-17) c and m(νe)=m(ντ)2 = 0.00297104794 eV* (0.002963740541 eV) respectively. At this energy then, no coupling between the electron and its anti-neutrino would be possible and the W- weakon could not exist.
    Subsequently, we shall indicate the effect of the Compton constant and of the quantum relativistic monopolar electron to calculate all of the neutrino masses from first principles in setting mν = mneutrino = me.(rneutrino)/Re and where rv naturally applies at the limit of the electron's dynamical self-interaction as indicated, that is the electron's quantum relativistic mass approaches that of the instanton of the qbb.
    This leads to: mνElectronc2 = mv(νTauon2)c2 = mν(νMuon2+νHiggs2)c2 = μo{Monopole GUT masses ec}2rps/4πRe2 and where vHiggs is a scalar (anti)neutrino for the mass induction of the (anti)neutrinos in tandem with the mass induction of the scalar Higgs boson in the weak Goldstone interaction.

    For the electrostatic electron the ß distribution at A=½, the Compton constant gives mecrec = meRe for ß2 = 0 and at A=1, the Compton constant gives mecrec = ½me.2Re for ß2 = X and as the mean for a unitary interval is ½, the electron radius transforms into the protonic radius containing monopolar charge as internal charge distribution in Rp = ½XRe and proportional to the effective electron rest mass me proportional to the spacial extent of the electron.

    For the proton then, its 'charge distribution' radius becomes averaged as Rproton = 0.85838052x10-15 m* as a reduced classical electron radius and for a speed of the self-interactive or quantum relativistic electron of vps = 1.576125021x10-17 c. This monopolar quantum relativistic speed reaches its quantum relativistic {v/c = 1-} limit and its maximum QR monopolar speed of 0.0458 c at the instanton boundary and defines a minimum quantum monopolar relativistic speed for the electron at vpse = 1.50506548x10-18 c for its electrostatic potential, where Ue=∫{q²/8πεor²}dr = q²/8πεoRe = ½mec2 for a classical velocity of ve=0 in a non-interacting magnetic field B=0.
    2Ue = mec2 so implies a halving of the classical electron radius to obtain the electron mass me = 2Ue/c2 and infers an oscillating nature for the electron size to allow a synergy between classical physics and that of quantum mechanics.

    The local geometry related to the Compton radius h/2πm is shown to manifest in a linearization of the Weyl wormhole wavelength λps = λweyl of the qbb in the photon-mass interaction as a quantum gravitational limit proportional to the mass of the electron in rweyl = λweyl/2π = 2GoMc/c2 = h/2πcmps for a curvature mass Mc = hc/4πGomps conformally transforming Mc = 6445.79 kg* into 2.22..x10-20 kg* quantum gravitationally and in a corresponding increase of a sub Planck length linearization of rcplanck = 2Gomps/c2 = 5.4860785x10-47 m* (star units calibrated to the SI mensuration system) to the wormhole scale of the quantum big bang as a quantum geometric curvature effect.
    The qbb results from a Planck scale conformal transformation of fundamental parameters in the inflaton, descriptive of energy transformations between five classes of superstrings culminating in the Weyl-Eps wormhole as the final superstring class of heterotic symmetry 8x8 to manifest the super membrane EpsEss as the wormhole of the 'singularity creation', which is a derivative from a monopolar Planck-Stoney cosmogenesis.
    Recircularizing the Compton radius into a Compton wavelength in a {photon - gauge photon} interaction labeled as electromagnetic monopolar radiation or {emr - emmr}, then is shown to define the quantum energy of the vacuum per unit volume as a horn toroidal space-time volumar in Vortex-PE = VPEps = ZPEweyl = 4πEps/λps3 and completing the encompassing energy spectrum in integrating the electric-, magnetic- and monopolar field properties in {½melectric + ½mmagnetic(v/c)2 + δmmonopolic}c2 = mc2.

    The self-interaction of the electron in energy, so crystallizes its monopolar superbrane origin in the addition of a quantum self-relative magnetic energy acting as a 'hidden' electromagnetic monopolar field in the volume of spacetime occupied by the electron as a conformal transformation from the inflaton epoch. A Planck-Stoney 'bounce' of the electronic charge quantum established the interaction potential between charge and mass energy to break an inherent super-symmetry to transform string class I into string class IIB in modular conformal self-duality of the monopole super-membrane. Following this initial transformation relating displacement to electric charge in the magneto charge of the monopole; a heterosis between string classes HO(32) and HE(64) enabled the bosonic superstring to bifurcate into fermionic parts in a quark-lepton hierarchy from the HO(32) superstring to the HE(64) superstring of the instanton of the qbb and who is called the Weyl or wormhole boson Eps in this paper.

    We shall also indicate the reason for the measured variation of the fine structure constant by Webb, Carswell and associates; who have measured a variation in alpha dependent on direction.
    This variation in alpha is found in the birth of the universe as a 'bounce' or oscillation of the Planck length as a minimum physical displacement and becomes related to the presence of the factor γ3 in the manifestation of relativistic force as the time rate of change of relativistic momentum prel.
    Furthermore, the mass-charge ratio {e/meo} relation of the electron implies that a precision measurement in either the rest mass moe or the charge quantum e, would affect this ratio and this paper shall show how the electromagnetic mass distribution of the electron crystallizes an effective mass me from its rest mass resulting in meog = me'g2 related to the coupling ratio between the electromagnetic (EMI) and the strong nuclear interaction (SNI), both as a function of alpha and for an asymptotic (not running) SNI constant defined from first principles in an interaction transformation between all of the four fundamental interactions.

    Since {1-ß2} describes the ß2 distribution of relativistic velocity in the unitary interval from A=0 to A=1, setting the quantum relativistic mass ratio [moe/me]2 = {1-ß2} equal to a cosmological M-Sigma ratio conformally transformed from the Planck scale, naturally defines a potential oscillatory upper boundary for any displacement in the unit interval of A. An increase or decrease in the 'bare' electron mass, here denoted as moe can then result in a directional measurement variation due to the fluctuating uncertainty in the position of the electron in the unitary interval mirroring the natural absence or presence of an external magnetic field to either decrease or increase the monopolar part of the electron mass in its partitioning: melectric + mmagnetic + δmmonopolar = mec{½+½[v/c]²} + δpsmec = mec with mec2√{1 + v2g2/c2} = mec2g = mecc2 for m = mec from the energy-momentum relation E2 = Eo2 + p2c2 of classical and quantum theory.

    The cosmic or universal value of alpha so remains constant in all cosmological time frames; with the fluctuation found to depend on a constant #=∛α in a strong interaction constant as a function of alpha.

    At the core of physical consciousness lies quantum consciousness; but there it is called self-interaction of a particle or dynamical system in motion relative to its charge distribution.
    We shall indicate, that it is indeed the charge distribution within such a system and quantized in the fundamental nature of the electron and the proton as the base constituent of atomic hydrogen and so matter; that defines an internal monopolar charge distribution as a quantum geometric formation minimized in the classical size of the electron and the energy scale explored at that displacement scale.

    Finally we describe the particles of the Standard Model and including a quantum geometric explanation for the CP violation of the weak interaction, from their genesis in the inflaton and a grand unification symmetry in a transformation of supermembranes and cosmic strings appearing today in a spectrum of cosmic rays:

    SEWG------------------------SEWg--------SEW.G---------SeW.G--------S.EW.G-------------S.E.W.G
    Planck Unification I----------IIB----------HO32------------IIA-----------HE64---------Bosonic Unification



    The Electromagnetic Mass Energy and the [v/c]2 Velocity Ratio Distribution

    The magnetic energy stored in a magnetic field B of volume V and area A=R2 for a (N-turn toroidal) current inductor N.i=BdR/μo for velocity v and self-induction L=NBA/i is:
    Um=½Li2=½(μo.N2R)(BR/μoN)2=½B2V/μo and the Magnetic Energy Density per unit volume is then:

    Um/V=½B2/μo

    Similarly, the Electric Energy density per unit volume is:

    Ue/V=½εoE2 say via the Maxwell equations and Gauss' law. So for integrating a spherical surface charge distribution dV=4πr2.dr from Re to ∞:

    Ue=∫{q2/8πεor2}dr = q2/8πεoRe = ½mec2

    2Ue = mec2 so implies a halving of the classical electron radius to obtain the electron mass me = 2Ue/c2 and infers an oscillating nature for the electron size to allow a synergy between classical physics and of quantum mechanics.

    As Enrico Fermi stated in 1922; changing the rest mass of the electron invokes the ratio ß2=v2/c2 in an attempt to solve the riddle of electromagnetic mass and the factor of 4/3 differentiating between the electron's relativistic momentum and its relativistic energy.:
    "1. It's known that simple electrodynamic considerations[1] lead to the value (4/3)U/c2 for the electromagnetic mass of a spherical electricity-distribution of electrostatic energy U, when c denotes the speed of light. On the other hand, it is known that relativistic considerations for the mass of a system containing the energy U give the value U/c2. Thus, we stand before a contradiction between the two views, whose solution seems not unimportant to me, especially with respect to the great importance of the electromagnetic mass for general physics, as the foundation of the electron theory of matter.
    Especially we will prove: The difference between the two values stems from the fact, that in ordinary electrodynamic theory of electromagnetic mass (though not explicitly) a relativistically forbidden concept of rigid bodies is applied. Contrary to that, the relativistically most natural and most appropriate concept of rigid bodies leads to the value U/c2 for the electromagnetic mass.
    We additionally notice, that relativistic dynamics of the electron was studied by M. Born,[2] though from the standpoint only partially different from the ordinary electrodynamic one, so that the value (4/3)U/c2 for the Electron's mass was found of course.
    In this paper, Hamilton's principle will serve as a basis, being most useful for the treatment of a problem subjected to very complicated conditions - conditions of a different nature than those considered in ordinary mechanics, because our system must contract in the direction of motion according to relativity theory. However, we notice that although this contraction is of order of magnitude v2/c2, it changes the most important terms of electromagnetic mass, i.e, the rest mass."


    The Heisenberg uncertainty principle relating energy with time and displacement with momentum in the expression ΔE.Δt = Δx.Δp ≥ h/4π applied to the quantum mechanical scale of de Broglie wave matter λdB = h/mv and the Compton mass-photon interaction Δx = rcompton = h/2πcm shows a natural limit for the measurement of position in Δp = Δmv ≥ h/4πΔx = ½mc.

    When Δp exceeds mc , then ΔE exceeds mc in the Energy-Momentum relation E2 = (pc)2 + (mc2)2 and we can apply this natural limitation on measurement to the position of the electrostatic electron mass in a variable classical electron radius as rec = αh/2πcm = αrcompton = {μoe2c/2h}.{h/2πcmec} = μoe2/4πmec and rendering the Compton mass-photon interaction modified in the electromagnetic fine structure constant α to relate the inverse proportionality between the electron's rest mass to its spacial extent in:


    meRe = Compton constant = αh/2πc = lplanck.α.mplanck = mecrec ……………………………….[Eq.XII-1]​


    The Compton constant ensures Lorentz invariance across all reference frames in cancelling the length contraction with the relativistic mass increase in the product of the proper length lo and the proper rest mass mo as lo.mo=log.mo/g in special relativity (SR) in the self-relative reference frame of the monopolar electron.

    In particular, a classical size for the proton can be found in an approximation ½Re.X = Rp and where the factor X represents the symmetry equilibrium for a B=(v/c} velocity ratio distribution for the effective electron rest mass me proportional to the spacial extent of the electron.
    For the symmetry equilibrium, the electric potential energy and the magnetic action energy are related for an electron velocity of ve = 0.78615138.c and an effective mass energy of mef = gme = mecf = 1.503238892x10-30 kg* for rec = αh/2πmecf = 5.150283117x10-7 m* as a largely increased classical electron radius given by the Compton constant for a negligible monopolar velocity component in (vps/c)2 = 1/{1+rec4/([2πα]2rps4)} = 1.916797918x10-69 for any substantial velocity for the electron.

    For the proton then, its 'charge distribution' radius becomes averaged as Rproton = 0.85838052x10-15 m* as a reduced classical electron radius and for a speed for the self-interactive or monopolar quantum relativistic electron of 2.96026005x10-13 c. This quantum relativistic speed reaches its v/c = 1- limit at the instanton boundary and defines a minimum quantum relativistic speed for the electron at ve = 1.50506548x10-18 c for its electrostatic potential, where Ue=∫{q²/8πεor²}dr = q²/8πεoRe = ½mec2 for a classical velocity of ve=0 in a non-interacting magnetic field B=0.

    Considering the surface charge distribution of the electron's electric potential to also exhibit a self-interactive term applying to a spacial distribution of the electron mass in its quantum relativistic volume, then this part can be defined as the self-interaction of a purely electromagnetic part of the electron's electrodynamic energy.
    Then for a constant charge density in the electron's volume; ρ=3q/(4πr3) and q=4πρr3/3 with dq/dr = 4πρr2dr

    The electrostatic potential for this charge distribution V(r) = q/4πεor
    then contains an energy dU = qdq/(4πεor) for U(r) =∫{16π2ρ2r5/12πεor} dr = (4πρ2/3εo)∫r4dr = ⅗.e²/4πεoRe = ⅗.μoe2c2/4πRe = ⅗.mec2 for an electron rest mass me = 2Ue/c2 reduced by 40%.

    In the linked Feynman lecture; the discrepancy between the electron radius and its electromagnetic mass is found in a factor of U(r) = ¾.mec2 for Ue = μoe2c2/6πRe = ½(1+⅓)mec2 = ⅔mec2 and here reduced by 33⅓%.
    Then a question about the cause and origin of the discrepancy in the electrodynamic properties of the electron can be asked. As it seems that the total mass of the electron is somehow distributed between the electric and the magnetic field properties to which should be added a self-interaction effect to account for the differences.

    But we can see, that should one use the measured electron mass from the Re-definition as the electron's rest mass, that mmagnetic + melectric = me{½+½(v/c)²} < me , because of the mass-velocity dependency factor ß and the group velocities v<c. To account for the 'missing' mass we simply introduce a 'missing', potential or inherent mass term δme and call it the monopolar self-interaction mass of the electron to write:
    melectric + mmagnetic + δmmonopolic = mec{½+½[v/c]²} + δpsmec = mec with mec2√{1 + v2g2/c2} = mec2g= mecc2 for m = mec from the energy-momentum relation E2 = Eo2 + p2c2 of classical and quantum theory.

    The aim is to redefine δps = 1/2g2 in ß2 to relate the mass discrepancy to the monopolar nature of the quantum relativistic electron.

    δps = ½{1 - {v/c]2} = ½g2 for γ = 1/√(1 - [v/c]2) = 1/√(1 - ß2) [Eq.XII-2]​

    By the Biot-Savart and Ampere Law:

    B=μoq.v./4πr² and εo=1/c²μo for the E=cB foundation for electrodynamic theory. So for integrating a spherical surface charge distribution dV=4πr².dr from Re to ∞:

    Um=∫{μoq²v²/8πr²}dr = μoq²v²/8πRe = ½mev2
    mmagnetic = μoe²[v/c]²/8πRe = mec.Aß2 = ½me.(v/c)2 for a constant A = (μoe²/8πRe)/mec = me/2mec for Reme = μoe²/4π = αh/2πc

    Similarly, Ue=∫dUe=q²v²/8πεoRe =keq²/2Re=½mec² as per definition of the classical electron radius and for the total electron energy mec² set equal to the electric potential energy.
    We term me here the effective electron mass and so differing it from an actual 'bare' rest mass mo.

    melectric = keq²/2Rec² = keq²/e*= q²/8πεoRe c2 = Ue/c² = ½me and consider the electric electron energy to be half the total energy (akin the virial theorem for PE=2KE, say in the Bohr atom)

    PE=(-)kee²/Re = e²/4πεoRe = 2e²/8πεoRe = 2KE and where for a single hydrogen electron:
    RBohr = h2/πmee2μoc2 = Re/α2 = RCompton/α = hα/2πmec for an electromagnetic fine structure constant alpha = α = e2/2εohc = μoce2/2h
    mmagnetic = μoe²[v/c]²/8πRe = melectric.(v/c)² = ½me.(v/c)² and which must be the KE by Einstein's c²dm=c²(me-mo)

    and for the relativistic electron mass m=mo/√(1-ß2)=mog for ß2=(v/c)2

    So we introduce a quantum relativistic (QR) monopolar rest mass mec with a Compton-de Broglie momentum mec.c = h/λe = hfe/c2 and consider there to be a frequency dependent photonic part in this rest mass and a part, which we have labeled as having an electromagnetic monopolar radiative or emmr origin.
    The effective minimum rest mass for the electron in electro stasis in the absence of an external magnetic field in Maxwell's equations and as a function of the Compton constant then also harbours an internal emmr magnetic field as the sought after self-interaction of the electron.

    We shall find that the ß2 distribution for the electron velocity defines a natural mirror boundary for an actual electron speed at 0, which so enables a complex electron velocity to decrease towards this complex boundary from a complex electron space and to then increase from this boundary as a real observed part.
    We shall find that the classical electrostatic electron in the absence of its monopolar component can be considered to move with a speed of 0.177379525 c through an electrostatic potential of 8.25368811 keV*.

    It is then a monopolar or self-interaction of the electron which effectively doubles its rest mass as a magnetic field applied internally and as a charge distribution for a quantum geometric electron and naturally contains the classical factor of (4/3) as a mean value in the ß2 distribution.

    The volume occupied by the monopolar magnetic charge distribution relates to quantum chromodynamics and its gluon-colour magnetopolar charges in representing quantized higher dimensional spacetime which can be considered as 'collapsed' in its nature as a 7-dimensional Calabi-Yau manifold, but manifesting as a Riemann 3-sphere or 2-Torus (horn-toroidal) volumar quantizing 11-dimensional spacetime into Weylian wormholes in a mirror 12-dimensional Vafa spacetime.
    This spacetime then compactifies the higher dimensional spacetime as a 3-dimensional surface, where a 11-dimensional surface manifold manifests in 3-D spacetime through open ended strings or Dirichlet branes attached in modular string dualities to a hyperbolic open de Sitter (dS) spacetime, but is in mirror duality from a closed spheroidal Anti de Sitter spacetime (AdS) to cancel the curved spacetimes in the Vortex-Potential-Energy or Zero-Point-Energy (ZPE) per unit volume or wormhole VPE of the Weylian spacetime quanta defined for a monopolar group velocity vps and the Compton parameters in:

    Vortex-PE/V = VPEEps = ZPEweyl = 4πEps/λps3 = 2α2Eps{[c/vps]2 -1}/rec3 = Eps/Vps ……………..[Eq.XII-3]​

    Vps = (2πrps).(πrps2) = 2π2rps3
    ​

    ​

    The Extension of Newton's Law in Relativistic Momentum and Energy and the Magnetopolar Self-Interaction of the Electron

    Newton's law for force is mass times acceleration F = ma can be written in relativistic form as the change of the linear momentum over time and with an associated 'hidden' form of angular momentum change and acceleration in the change of rest mass as photonic energy and mass equivalent over time itself:

    dprel/dt = d(mogv)/dt = mod(gv)/dt + gvd(mo)/dt =

    mod(gv)/dt + {gvh/c2}df/dt = mog3.dv/dt + {gvh/c2}df/dt = Fa + Fα for g = 1/√{1 - [v/c]2} ……………[Eq.XII-4]​



    The product me.Re = Compton constant = hα/2πc = α.lplanck.mplanck
    A changing electron size re changes the electron rest mass mo in proportionality re ∝ 1/mo and where mo= mec = me as the electromagnetic relativistic quantum mass for re = Re = Rcompton/α.
    The boundary relativistic electron mass so becomes the Compton wormhole mass of the Quantum Big Bang α.mps = α.hfps/c2

    The classical electron's acceleration a = Fa/m from its relativistic force Frel = d(prel)/dt for a constant rest mass mo is then supplemented by a quantum acceleration α from its quantum mechanical Compton mass
    mecompton = mec = hα/2πcre and where the classical rest mass mo changes as mecc2 = (hvre/c2). g.(df/dt).

    The frequency differential over time is maximized in {df/dt}|max = {(fps - fss)/fss} = fps2 - 1 as the maximum entropy frequency permutation eigenstate fps2 = 9x1060 for its minimum state fss2 = 1/fps2 by modular string T-duality fps.fss = 1 of super-membrane EpsEss and wormhole frequency fWeyl = fps.
    In units of angular acceleration, df/dt so relates Planck's constant h and the Planck action in dE/dt = hdf/dt and the Heisenberg Uncertainty principle in dE.dt = h.df.dt in this string T-duality of the frequency self-states fps|max and fss|min and for the mass-eigen frequency quantum fss = mssc2/h by brane coupling constants Eps.Ess = h2 and Eps/Ess = fps2 .

    (1) Energy E = hf = mc2 (The Combined Planck-Einstein Law)
    (2) E = hf iff m = 0 (The Planck Quantum Law E=hf for light speed invariance c=λf)
    (3) E = mc2 iff f = fo = fss (The Einstein Law E = mc2 for the light speed upper limit)

    (1) Whenever there is mass (M = Minertial = Mgravitational) occupying space; this mass can be assigned either as a photonic mass {by the Energy-Momentum relation of Special Relativity:
    E2 = Eo2 + (pc)2} and by the photonic momentum p = h/λ = hf/c} or as a 'rest mass' mo= m.√[1-(v/c)2] for a 'rest energy' Eo = moc2.

    The 'total' energy for the occupied space so contains a 'variable' mass in the 'combined' law; but allows particularisation for electromagnetic radiation (always moving at the Maxwell light speed constant c in Planck's Law and for the 'Newtonian' mass M in the Einstein Law.

    (2) If M=0, then the Einstein Law is suppressed in favour of the Planck Law and the space contained energy E is photonic-electromagnetic, always dynamically described by the constancy of light speed c.

    (3) If M>0, then there exists a mass-eigen frequency fss = fo = Ess/h = mssc2/h, which quantizes all mass agglomerations m = Σmss in the mass quantum mss = Ess/c2.
    Letting rec be the oscillating classical electron radius rec from its maximum value Re = μoe2/4πme = αh/2πcme to its minimum qbb value rps=λps/2π from the de Broglie wave matter wavelength
    λe = h/mec = c/fe = hc/Ee = hc/mec2 ; the electron's energy for its quantum mechanical self-interaction part assigns the photon - mass interaction in the Compton constant in its linearized nature of the QR electron and can be stated as:

    h∑f frequency energy states = hfe = mecc2 = (hvrec/c2).γ.(df/dt) = {vγ}{rec.hfps2/c2} = {vγ}{hrec/λps2} for the maximum frequency summation at rec = rps

    for v/√(1-[v/c]2) = mecc2λps2/hrec = αcλps2/2πrec2 using mecrec = constant = hα/2πc = meRe and v2/{1-[v/c]2} = {αcλps2/2πrec2}2 = Ø2 solving for v2{1+Ø2/c2} = Ø2 with (v/c}2 = Ø2/(c2+Ø2) = 1/{1+[c/Ø]2}

    The quantum relativistic mechanical electron's velocity distribution for a variable classical electron radius Re in the proportional Compton rest mass mec and rec generalised in the wave matter constancy of de Broglie for the quantum relativistic part of rest mass mo = hf/c2 and a purely self-interacting electromagnetic monopolar part as electromagnetic monopolar radiation (emmr) so is:

    "Juju's Electron Equation 31|31:" applied for the maximum integrated quantum energy state: {melectric + mmagnetic + memmr}c2 = Eweyl = hfweyl = Eqbb = mpsc2 = 1/e*


    {vps/c}2 = 1/{1 + 4π2rec4/α2λps4} = 1/{1 + rec4/4π2α2rps4} …………………………….…[Eq.XII-5]
    δps = ½{1 - {v/c]2} = 1/2g2 for g = 1/√(1 - [v/c]2) = 1/√(1 - ß2)
    ​


    This sets the proportionality between monopolar emmr and electromagnetic emr in the constancy of light speed c:
    v2/(1-2δps) = c2 = vps2/{1 + rec4/4π2α2rps4} for the monopolar δps and letting vps = xc as a fractional monopolar velocity colinear with v:


    For δps → ½+ as v → 0 , ½ of the electron's mass will be monopolar in the internal magnetic field in lieu of the absence of an external magnetic field B=0, with the remaining half being the energy of the electro stasis.

    For v=½ c; vps = 2.006753867x10-18 c and rec = 0.866025403 Re for δps =½{1-0.25} = 0.375
    For v= 0.651899075 c; vps = 3.035381866x10-18 c and rec = 0.758305739 Re for δps =½{1-0.315985704} = 0.34200715

    For δps → 0+ as v → c- , ½- of the electron's mass will be magnetic in the external magnetic field B supplementing the remaining half of the electro stasis with a decreasing monopolar component δps as a function of the monopolar velocity of the electron vps.

    δps = ½{1 - [v/vps]2{4π2α2rps4/(4π2α2rps4 + rec4)} = ½{1 - [v/vps]2{1/(1 + [rec/rps]4/4π2α2)}} …………[Eq.XII-6]
    ​

    Then the upper limit for rec = rps and the qbb wormhole boundary is: δps = ½{1 - [c-/vps|max]2(4π2α2)/(1+4π2α2)} = ½{1 - 1-} = 0+ for vps|max2 = (4π2α2c2)/(1+4π2α2) showing that as [v/c] → 1- ; δps → 0 for ½ of the electron's mass being from the electric field and the other half being from the external magnetic field for increasing relativistic velocity v increasing the monopolar part in vps to its maximum at the wormhole qbb scale.


    vps|max = xc = 2παc/√(4π2α2+1) = 0.045798805 c as the maximized monopolar magnetic speed for the electron and decreasing to its minimum speed
    vps|min = c/√(1 + 4π2(1010/360)4/α2) c = 1.50506540x10-18 c for the classical electron radius scale given by Re and the internal velocity of the electron in electro stasis.

    The lower limit for rec = Re = 1010λps/360 (from the Planck-Stoney-QR Unification) becomes:
    δps = ½{1 - [v/vps|min]2(4π2α2)/(4π2α2+ [2π.1010/360]4)} = ½{1 - [v/vps|min]2(1/(1+ 4π2.1040/α2.3604)}
    = ½ - ½[v]2(2.265221852x10-36)/(4.5151962x10-10) = ½ - (2.508442326x10-27)v2, showing that as [v] → 0+ ; δps → ½ for ½ of the electron's mass being monopolar.

    The wave nature of the electron changes the Compton radius to its Compton wavelength however and the derivation of [Eq.5] results in a recircularization of parameters to give a statistical root-mean-square velocity for the QR electron.

    (hvλps/c2). g.(df/dt) = hvλps.fps2. g/c2 = hfps = mpsc2

    (v/√(1-[v/c]2) = c and v2/{1-[v/c]2} = c2 solving for v2 = c2 - v2 and v2 =½c2 for an averaged Compton emr-emmr speed of

    vλc = c/√2 …………………………….[Eq.XII-7]​


    This formulation sets an upper and lower bound for velectron in the electron radius in the interval: 〈 Re|max ....... Rec|min = λps/2π = rps = rWeyl = rwormhole = rqbb 〉

    The speed of the quantum mechanical electron of mass mec= αmps kg*, so is maximized in its minimum radius of the wormhole as 0.045799 c or 13,739,643.01 (m/s)* and limits the classical relativistic electron speed in:

    mec/√{1-(vec/c)2 } = αmps = 1.621502875x10-22 kg* for {ve/c}2 = 1 - {me/αmps}2

    ve|max = √{1 - (5.72957797x10-9)2} c = √{1 - 3.28280637x10-17} c ~ {1 - 1.64140319x10-17} c = c-

    and as the self-energy Eec=mecc2 = αmpsc2 = αEps = α/e* J* for the Weyl electron of the quantum big bang (qbb) or instanton following the inflaton of the string epoch.

    This energy of self-interaction represents the original Zero-Point or VPE energy of the matrix of spacetime in the minimum Planck oscillator |½Eo| = |h/4π| = ½Eplanck which manifests the quantization for the parameters describing dynamical interaction within it.

    As such a VPE-Volumar brane, the conformal transformation of the Planck oscillator into the Weyl oscillator can be used to define the concept of a 'physical consciousness awareness quantum' αω=df/dt in the maximized frequency entropy state in a brane volumar and as per [Eq.XII-3]. Here a 4-dimensional Riemann sphere with volume V4(r) = ½π2r4 manifests as a 3-dimensional surface: dV4/dr = 2π2r3 and so as the encompassing 'mother black hole' solution for the inner horizon of an open de Sitter holographic cosmology bounded by that inner black hole surface as a one-sided 11-dimensional hyper-surface, whose outside uses the mirror modular duality of string physics to define the outer horizon as a Möbian connected topology of closed Anti de Sitter space-time as a quasi-12th dimension, which can be labeled as a Vafa's 'father white hole', quantum entangling the inner- and outer horizons of the Witten manifold mirror in the membrane modular duality.

    This allows a number of predictions for particular energy levels to be made.
    For the maximized volumar brane at the Weyl energy and for the maximized frequency permutation state.
    Vbrane.(df/dt)|max = 2π2Rrmp3.fps2 = e* =1/Eps = 2Rec2 in a Restmass photonic or 'dark matter' radius Rrmp =     ∛{e*/2π2fps2} = 1.411884763x10-20 m* for the nuclear electron at
    mfermi = h/2πcRrmp= 2.50500365x10-23 kg* or 14.034015 TeV*. This is near the maximum energy potential of the Large Hadron Collider or LHC in Geneva, Switzerland and a form of the 'dark matter' particle should make an appearance at 14 Tev.

    For the Compton electron e*/α = 2Rec2/α = 2Rcomptonc2 ; Rrmp = ∛{e*/2απ2fps2} = 7.279292496x10-20 m* for the Compton electron at an energy of mcompton = h/2πcRrmp= 4.85868164x10-24 kg* or 2.722024 TeV*

    For the Bohr electron e*/α2 = 2Rec2/α2 = 2Rbohrc2 ; Rrmp =     ∛{e*/2α2π2fps2} = 3.75300456x10-19 m* for the atomic Bohr electron at an energy of mcompton = h/2πcRrmp= 9.4238534x10-25 kg* or 527.9613 GeV*

    The classical electromagnetic rest-mass memr=me becomes quantum mechanical in the string-brane sourcesink energy E*-Gauge photon quantum of the Quantum Big Bang Weylian wormhole.

    E* = Eps = hfps = hc/λps = mpsc2 = (me/2e).√[2πGo/αhc] = {me/mPlanck}/{2e√α} = 1/2Rec2 = 1/e*

    Monopolar charge quantum e*/c2 = 2Re     ⇐ supermembrane displacement transformation ⇒ √α.lplanck = e/c2 as electropolar charge quantum

    me = 2e√α.mplanck/2Rec2 = lplanck√α.√α.mplanck/Re = α.lplanck.mplanck/Re
    = {e/c2}{√(2πke2/hc}{√(hc/2πGo)}/Re ={√(Goh/2πc3)}{2πke2/hc}{√(hc/2πGo)}/Re = {h/2πc}{2πke2/hc}/Re
    = {ke2/c2}/Re = {μoe2}/4πRe

    The product me.Re = Compton constant = hα/2πc = α.lplanck.mplanck
    A changing electron size re changes the electron Restmass mo in proportionality re     ∝ 1/mo and where mo= me for re= Re = Rcompton/α = Rbohr/α2
    The boundary relativistic electron mass so becomes the Compton wormhole mass of the Quantum Big Bang α.mps= α.hfps/c2

    For the wormhole limit re = rps = λps/2π = Re |minimum in unified string Planck-Stoney units
    me = αmps = αhfps/c2 = αh/cλps = α/e*c2 = α/2Rec4 = hα/2πcrps = {60πhe2/2πhcrps} = 30e2/crps = 1.62150288x10-22 kg* = meγ = me/√{1 - [v/c]2}
    for velectron = c-; [v/c]2 = 1-3.2828...x10-17 for v = {1-½(3.2828x10-17)} c ~ c
    The Compton constant so relates the pre-spacetime formulation in the Planck-Stoney oscillation to the post-qbb cosmic evolution of the light path x=ct as:
    √α.lplanck√α.mplanck = αh/2πc = √α.rplanck √α.Mcurvature = √α.mps√α.rps = α.mps.rps = mec.rec = meRe showing the limiting electron masses me and αmps to be attained precisely at the wormhole mass mps as the modulation with the shrinking classical electron radius Re to the wormhole radius rps as the linearization of the Compton wavelength of the wormhole event horizon λps=2πrps.


    Frequency permutation states in the monopolar velocity distribution

    As the maximum frequency permutation state from the alpha-part of the relativistic force expression [Eq.XII-4] is always applied to the monopolar velocity vps ; df/dt|max = fps2 = 1/fss2 = cfps/λps = cfps/2πrps for an angular frequency ωps= 2πfps as Compton frequency; the maximum monopolar velocity ratio {vps/c}2 applied to the mass m = mec will be proportional to that maximized frequency state.
    The de Broglie group velocity vdB = h/mecλdB = h/2πmecrdB linearized so is recircularized in the monopolar velocity vps in the Compton constant mec.rdB = h/2πvps and with vps assuming c in the relativistic limit of the Compton radius.

    For 〈 Rec.mec = rps.mec = hα/2πc 〉|min , the minimized classical electron radius rps maximizes the monopolar speed of the electron in:
    {vps/c} = 1/√{1+1/4π2α2} = 0.04579881 as a conformal mapping of the wormhole radius of the electron onto its classical representation in the proportion 1010 = 360Re/2πrps in a correlation between circular measure in linearized radians and angular degrees. This is in correspondence to the wave nature expressed in the Compton and de Broglie wavelengths and of the particle nature from the Compton and de Broglie radii in an encompassing electromagnetic and electromagnetic monopolar emr-emmr interaction.

    This monopolar ß represents a magnetic mass mmm = μoe2(vps/c)2/4πrps = Reme(vps/c)2/rps = mec(vps/c)2 = (2.09753100x10-3)mec = 3.4011525x10-25 kg for the alpha-energy Eαω = mmmc2 = hfαω= 3.051037256x10-8 J* for a total frequency integral of fαω = 4.59160179x1025 = ∑fss = ∑mssc2/h = fαω/fss = 1.377480544x1056 frequency self-states and mass quantum mss eigen inertia states by mss = hfss/c2 by the time instanton fpsfss = 1 = Eps.e* as universal and natural self-identity for the supermembrane EpsEss , consisting of a high energy vibratory part Eps and a low energy winding part Ess in a mirror duality coupling.

    This is a magnetic mass manifesting at the atomic scale at 3.06100x10-8 J* or 190.5433 GeV* for a wavelength of λmm = h/mmc = 6.53382x10-18 m* for a total electron mass mec/√{1-(vec/c)2 } = αmps = 1.621502875x10-22 kg* as the Weyl mass having replaced the classical relativistic electron Restmass mo by the quantum dynamic Compton Restmass mec as a function of the effective classical electron mass me.
    αmps{vps/c}2 = mmm and so the Compton encompassing mass mec is reduced to the magnetic mass in the factor {vps/c}2 characterizing the mass-radius relationship for all electrons.

    For 〈 Re.me = hα/2πc 〉|max , the maximized classical electron radius Re minimizes the monopolar speed of the electron in:
    me=hα/2πcRe = ke2/Rec2 = μoe2/4πRe for {vps/c} = 1/√{1+Re4/4π2α2rps4} = 1/√{1+(2π.1010/360)4/4π2α2} = 1.50506548x10-18
    and as the speed of the quantum relativistic mechanical electron at rest in the classical frame vps = 1.50506548x10-18 c = 0.45151964 (nanometers per second)*.
    The inversion speed of light is vps = 1/c =3.3333... nanometers per second* in modular brane duality to define an impedance 'bubble' characterizing astrophysical 'Hill spheres' for orbital equilibrium conditions for satellites and moons in a Radius of Hill Impedance/Hubble Time as RHI = Ho/c as inversion displacement, which for a Universal Age of 19.12 Gy as Hubble time for a nodal Hubble constant oscillating between fps and Ho=c/RH = 58.04 (km/Mpc.s)* for RH = 1.59767545x1026 m* and becomes RHI = 19.12 Gy/c = 2.011229x109 m* and encompassing a 'planetary bubble radius' to approximately 5% to both the neighboring planets Venus and Mars.

    This represents a magneto-monopolar mass mmm = μoe2(vps/c)2/4πRe = me(vps/c)2 = (2.265221x10-36)me = 2.1045107x10-66 kg* for the alpha-energy Eαω = mmmc2 = hfαω= 1.8940596x10-49 J* for a total frequency integral of fαω = 2.84108945x10-16 = ∑fss = ∑mssc2/h = fαω/fss = 8.52326834x1014 frequency self-states for the mass-frequency coupling mss = hfss/c2 .
    The classical electron Restmass mo = me so is reduced to the magneto-monopolar mass mmm in the factor {vps/c}2.

    ver4. ​
     
    Last edited: Dec 25, 2021
    admin, Nov 12, 2021
    #19
  10. admin

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    The charge radius for the proton and neutrinos in QR

    [BeginQuote]A scientific tug-of-war is underway over the size of the proton. Scientists cannot agree on how big the subatomic particle is, but a new measurement has just issued a forceful yank in favor of a smaller proton.
    By studying how electrons scatter off of protons, scientists with the PRad experiment at Jefferson Laboratory in Newport News, Va., sized up the proton’s radius at a measly 0.83 femtometers, or millionths of a billionth of a meter. That is about 5 percent smaller than the currently accepted radius, about 0.88 femtometers.
    https://www.sciencenews.org/article...-slightly-smaller-proton?tgt=more[EndofQuote]

    It is the unitary interval between A=½ and A=1 which so determines the quantum nature for the quantum mechanics in the relativistic ß distribution.

    In particular for A=½ and for ß2 = x = 0, the Compton constant defines the required electron Restmass of electro stasis as ½mec2 = e2c²/8πεoRe} for an effective electron size of Re, whilst for A=1 mec2 = e2c²/4πεoRe for a doubling of this radius to 2Re for ß2 = x = X.

    Using the Rydberg Constant as a function of Alpha (and including the Alpha variation) as Ry∞ = Alpha3/4πRe = Alpha2.mec/2h = mee4/8εo2h3c = 11.1299104x106 [1/m]* or 11.1485125x106 [1/m] defines variation in the measured CODATA Rydberg constant of a factor 10,973,731.6/11,148,512.5 = 0.98432...
    Subsequently, using the Rydberg energy levels for the electron-muon quantum energy transitions, will result in a discrepancy for the proton's charge radius in 0.88x0.98 ~ 0.866 femto meters as a mean value for the charge radius of the proton.

    rydberg. ​



    Energy for quantization n: E = -Ze2/8πεoR = KE+PE = ½mv2 - Ze2/4πεoR for angular momentum nh/2π= mvR with mv2/R = Ze2/4πεoR2
    for v = Ze2/2εonh and R = n2h2εo/Ze2πm = 5.217x10-11 m* for the minimum energy n=1 for m=meffective=me=9.29061x10-31 kg* and atomic number Z=1 for hydrogen.

    En =hfn = hc/λn = -Z2e4(πme)/(8πεo2h2n2) = -Z2e4(πe2/4πεoRec2)/(8πεo2h2n2) = -Z2e6/(32πReεo3h2n2c2) for 1/λn = -Z2e6/(32πReεo3h3n2c3) = -Z2.Alpha3/4πn2Re for eigen state n and Rydberg constant Ry∞ = Alpha3/4πRe = Alpha2.mec/2h = mee4/8εo2h3c

    In the Feynman lecture the discrepancy for the electron mass in the electromagnetic mass multiplier of 4/3 is discussed. http://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/II_28.html
    Its solution resides in the unitary interval for A, as the arithmetic mean of: ½{½+1} = 3/4 as the present internal magnetic charge distribution of the electron, namely as a trisection of the colour charge in 3x⅓=1 negative fraction charges in the quantum geometry of the electron indicated below in this paper.

    The classical size for the proton so is likewise approximated at the mean value of its own colour charge distribution, now consisting of a trisected quark-gluon-anti-neutrino kernel of 3x⅔=2 positive fraction charges, which are 'hugged' by a trisected 'Inner Mesonic Ring' (d-quark-KIR) as a contracted 'Outer Leptonic Ring' (s-quark-KOR) for the manifestation of the electron-muon-tauon lepton family of the standard model.

    For the electrostatic electron the ß distribution at A=½, the Compton constant gives mecrec = meRe for ß2 = 0 and at A=1, the Compton constant gives mecrec = ½me.2Re for ß2 = X and as the mean for a unitary interval is ½, the electron radius transforms into the protonic radius containing monopolar charge as internal charge distribution in Rp = ½XRe and where the factor X represents the symmetry equilibrium for a ß=(v/c} velocity ratio distribution for the effective electron Restmass me proportional to the spacial extent of the electron.

    For the proton then, its 'charge distribution' radius becomes averaged as Rproton = 0.85838052x10-15 m* as a reduced classical electron radius and for a speed for the self-interactive or quantum relativistic electron of 2.96026005x10-13 c.

    This quantum relativistic speed reaches its v/c=1- limit at the instanton boundary and defines a minimum quantum relativistic speed for the electron at ve = 1.50506548x10-18 c for its electrostatic potential, where Ue=∫{q²/8πεor²}dr = q²/8πεoRe = ½mec2 for a classical velocity of ve=0 in a non-interacting magnetic field B=0.

    2Ue=mec2 so implies a halving of the classical electron radius to obtain the electron mass me=2Ue/c2 and infers an oscillating nature for the electron size to allow a synergy between classical physics and that of quantum mechanics.


    A mapping of the atomic nucleus onto the thermodynamic universe of the hyperspheres


    We consider the universe's thermodynamic expansion to proceed at an initializing time tps=fss at lightspeed for a light path x=ct to describe the hypersphere radii as the volume of the inflaton made manifest by the instanton as a lower dimensional subspace and consisting of a summation of a single spacetime quantum with a quantized toroidal volume 2π²rweyl and where rweyl=rps is the characteristic wormhole radius for this basic building unit for a quantized universe (say in string parameters given in the Planck scale and its transformations).

    At a time tG, say so 18.85 minutes later, the count of space time quanta can be said to be 9.677x10102 for a universal 'total hypersphere radius' of about rG=3.391558005x1011 meters and for a G-Hypersphere volume of so 7.69x1035 cubic meters from N{2π2.rps3} = Volume = 2π2.RHk3.
    {This radius is about 2.3 Astronomical Units (AU's) and about the distance of the Asteroid Belt from the star Sol in a typical (our) solar system.}

    This modelling of a mapping of the quantum micro-scale onto the cosmological macro-scale can then be used to indicate the mapping of the wormhole scale onto the scale of the sun as a quasi-conformal scaling of the fermi scale of the classical electron radius onto a typical gravitational star system.
    rweyl/Rsun=Re/rE for Rsun=rweyl.rE/Re=1,971,030 meters. This gives an 'inner' solar core of diameter about 3.94x105 meters.

    As the classical electron radius is quantized in the wormhole radius in the formulation Re=1010rweyl/360, rendering a fine structure for Planck's Constant as a 'superstring parametric': h=2πrweyl/2Rec3; the 'outer' solar scale becomes Rsun[o]=360.Rsun=7.092x108 meters as the observed radius for the solar disk.

    19 seconds later; a F-Hypersphere radius is about rF=3.451077503x1011 meters for a F-count of so 1.02x10103 spacetime quanta for the thermodynamically expanding universe from the instanton.
    We also define an E-Hypersphere radius at rE=3.435971077x1014 meters and an E-count of so 10112 to circumscribe this 'solar system' in so 230 AU.
    We so have 4 hypersphere volumes, based on the singularity-unit and magnified via spacetime quantization in the hyperspheres defined in counters G, F and E. We consider these counters as somehow fundamental to the universe's expansion, serving as boundary conditions in some manner.
    As counters, those googol-numbers can be said to be defined algorithmically and to be independent on mensuration physics of any kind.

    {https://cosmosdawn.net/index.php/en...stanton-to-continuon-four-pillars-of-creation}

    Should we consider the universe to follow some kind of architectural blueprint; then we might attempt to use our counters to be isomorphic (same form or shape) in a one-to-one mapping between the macro-cosmos and the micro-cosmos.
    So we define a quantum geometry for the nucleus in the simplest atom, say Hydrogen.
    The hydrogenic nucleus is a single proton of quark-structure udu and to which we assign a quantum geometric template of Kernel-Inner Ring-Outer Ring (K-IR-OR), say in a simple model of concentricity.
    We set the up-quarks (u) to become the 'smeared out core' in say a tripartition uuu so allowing a substructure for the down-quark (d) to be u+Inner Ring (IR).
    A down-quark so is a unitary ring coupled to a kernel-quark. The proton's quark-content so can be rewritten and without any loss of any of the properties and generalities in unitary symmetry obtained from the Standard Model of particle physics and associated with the quantum conservation laws; as proton ⇒ udu ⇒ uuu+IR = KKK+IR. We may now label the Inner Ring as Mesonic and the Outer Ring as Leptonic.

    The Outer Ring (OR) is so definitive for the strange quark in quantum geometric terms: s=u+OR.
    A neutron's quark content so becomes neutron=dud=KIR.K.KIR with a 'hyperon resonance' in the lambda=sud=KOR.K.KIR and so allowing the neutron's beta decay to proceed in disassociation from a nucleus (where protons and neutrons bind in meson exchange); i.e. in the form of 'free neutrons'.
    The neutron decays in the oscillation potential between the mesonic inner ring and the leptonic outer ring as the 'ground-energy' eigenstate.

    There actually exist three uds-quark states which decay differently via strong, electromagnetic and weak decay rates in the uds (Sigmao Resonance); usd (Sigmao) and the sud (Lambdao) in increasing stability.
    This quantum geometry then indicates the behaviour of the triple-uds decay from first principles, whereas the contemporary standard model does not, considering the u-d-s quark eigenstates to be quantum geometrically undifferentiated.
    The nuclear interactions, both strong and weak are confined in a ' Magnetic Asymptotic Confinement Limit, coinciding with the Classical Electron Radius Re=kee²/mec² and in a scale of so 3 Fermi or 2.8x10-15 meters. At a distance further away from this scale, the nuclear interaction strength vanishes rapidly.
    The wave nature of the nucleus is given in the Compton-Radius Rcompton = h/2πmc with m the mass of the nucleus, say a proton; the latter so having a scale reduced from Re by some partitioning of the classical electron size.

    As the Planck Oscillator Eo=½hfo of the Zero-Point-Energy or ZPE as Vortex-Potential-Energy or VPE defines its ground state at half its effective energy of Ek=hfk, and as a conformal mapping from the string energy scale of the inflaton onto the qbb scale of the instanton in the Eweyl = Eps=/e*=1/2Rec2|mod gauge boson; we define a subatomic scale at half of Re as rmean =½Re.

    The wave-matter (after de Broglie generalizing wave speed vdB from c in Rcomptonc) then relates the classical electron radius as the 'confinement limit' to the Compton scale in the electromagnetic fine structure constant in Re=Alpha.Rcompton.
    The extension to the hydrogen-atom is obtained in the expression Re=Alpha².Rbohr1 for the first Bohr-Radius as the 'ground energy' of so 13.7 eV at a scale of so 10-10 meters (Angstroems).

    These 'facts of measurements' of the standard models now allow our quantum geometric correspondences to assume cosmological significance in their isomorphic mapping. We denote the Outer Ring as the classical electron radius and introduce the Inner Ring as a mesonic scale contained within the geometry of the proton and all other elementary baryonic- and hadronic particles.
    Firstly, we define a mean macro-mesonic radius as: rM=½(rF+rG) =3.421317754x1011 meters and set the macro-leptonic radius to rE=3.435971077x1014 meters.
    Secondly, we map the macro-scale onto the micro-scale, say in the simple proportionality relation for the micro-mesonic scale Rmean = Re.rM/rE = 2.765931439x10-18 meters.
    So reducing the apparent measured 'size' of a halving of Re in a factor about 1000 gives the scale of the sub-nuclear mesonic interaction, say the strong interaction coupling by pions.


    The Higgsian Scalar-Neutrino

    The (anti)neutrinos are part of the electron mass in a decoupling process between the kernel and the rings. Neutrino mass is so not cosmologically significant and cannot be utilized in 'missing mass' models'.
    We may define the kernel-scale as that of the singular spacetime-quantum unit itself, namely as the wormhole radius rweyl = rps =10-22/2π meters.

    Before the decoupling between kernel and rings, the kernel-energy can be said to be strong-weakly coupled or unified to encompass the gauge-gluon of the strong interaction and the gauge-weakon of the weak interaction defined in a coupling between the leptonic Outer Ring and the Kernel and bypassing the mesonic Inner Ring.

    So for matter, a W-Minus ( weakon) must consist of a coupled lepton part yet linking to the strong interaction via the kernel part. If now the colour-charge of the gluon transmutes into a 'neutrino-colour-charge'; then this decoupling will not only define the mechanics for the strong-weak nuclear unification coupling; but also, the energy transformation of the gauge-colour charge into the gauge-lepton charge.

    There are precisely 8 gluonic transitive energy permutation eigenstates between a 'radiative-additive' Planck energy in W(hite)=E=hf and an 'inertial-subtractive'
    Einstein energy in B(lack)=E=mc2, which describe the baryonic- and hyperonic 'quark-sectors' in: mc2=BBB, BBW, WBB, BWB, WBW, BWW, WWB and WWW=hf.
    The permutations are cyclic and not linearly commutative. For mesons (quark-antiquark eigenstates), the permutations are BB, BW, WB and WW in the SU(2) and
    SU(3) Unitary Symmetries.

    So generally, we may state, that the gluon is unified with a weakon before decoupling; this decoupling 'materializing' energy in the form of mass, namely the mass of the measured 'weak-interaction-bosons' of the standard model (W- for charged matter; W+ for charged antimatter and Zo for neutral mass-currents say).
    Experiment shows, that a W- decays into spin-aligned electron-antineutrino or muon-antineutrino or tauon-antineutrino pairings under the conservation laws for
    momentum and energy.
    So, using our quantum geometry, we realize, that the weakly decoupled electron must represent the Outer Ring, and just as shown in the analysis of QED ( Quantum Electro-Dynamics).

    Then it can be inferred, that the Electron's Anti-neutrino represents a transformed and materialized gluon via its colour charge, now decoupled from the kernel and in a way revisiting the transformation of a bosonic ancestry for the fermionic matter structures, discussed further on in the string class transformations of the inflaton era. There exists so a natural and generic supersymmetry in the quark-lepton hierarchy and no additional supersymmetric particles are necessary.

    Then the Outer Ring contracts along its magneto axis defining its asymptotic confinement and in effect 'shrinking the electron' in its inertial and charge- properties to its experimentally measured 'point-particle-size'.
    Here we define this process as a mapping between the electronic wavelength 2πRe and the wormhole perimeter λweyl=2πrweyl.

    But in this process of the 'shrinking' classical electron radius towards the gluonic kernel; the mesonic ring will be encountered and it is there, that any mass inductions should occur to differentiate a massless lepton gauge-eigenstate from that manifested by the weakon precursors.

    {Note: Here the W- inducing a lefthanded neutron to decay weakly into a lefthanded proton, a lefthanded electron and a righthanded antineutrino. Only lefthanded particles decay weakly in CP-parity-symmetry violation, effected by neutrino-gauge definitions from first principles}.

    This then indicates a neutrino-oscillation potential at the Inner Ring-Boundary. Using our proportions and assigning any neutrino-masses mν as part of the electron mass me, gives the following proportionality as the mass eigenvalue of the Tau-(Anti)Neutrino as Higgsian Mass Induction in the Weak Nuclear Interaction at the Mesonic Inner Ring Boundary within the subatomic quantum geometry utilized as the dynamic interaction space:

    mHiggs/Tauon = meλweyl.rE/(2πrMRe) = meλweyl.rE/(2πrMRe)~ 5.345878435-36 kg*/2.994971267 eV*…[Eq.XII-8]​


    So we have derived, from first principles, a (anti)neutrino mass eigenstate energy level of 3 eV as the appropriate energy level for any (anti)neutrino matter interaction within the subatomic dynamics of the nuclear interaction.

    This confirms the Mainz, Germany Result (Neutrino 2000), as the upper limit for neutrino masses resulting from ordinary Beta-Decay and indicates the importance of the primordial beta-decay for the cosmogenesis and the isomorphic scale mappings referred to in the above.

    The hypersphere intersection of the G- and F-count of the thermodynamic expansion of the mass-parametric universe so induces a neutrino-mass of 3 eV* at the 2.765931439x10-18 meter marker.

    The more precise G-F differential in terms of eigenenergy is 0.052 eV as the mass-eigenvalue for the Higgs-(Anti)neutrino (which is scalar of 0-spin and constituent of the so called Higgs Boson as the kernel-Eigenstate). This has been experimentally verified in the Super-Kamiokande (Japan) neutrino experiments published in 1998 and in subsequent neutrino experiments around the globe, say Sudbury, KamLAND, Dubna, MinibooNE and MINOS.
    Recalling the Cosmic scale radii for the initial manifestation of the primordial 'Free Neutron (Beta-Minus) Decay', we rewrite the Neutrino-Mass-Induction formula:

    rE = 3.435971077x1014 meters and an E-count of (26x6561) = 1.00x10112 spacetime quanta:
    mνHiggs-E = mνelectron = me.rps{rE/rE}/Re = 5.323079952x10-39 kg* or 0.00298219866 eV* as Weak Interaction Higgs Mass induction.

    But in this limiting case the supermembrane modular duality of the instanton identity Eps.e* = 1 applied to the Compton constant will define the limiting neutrino mass for the electron as a modular neutrino mass per displacement quantum defined in the Compton constant meRe = amPlP = ha/2pc and for a modulation displacement factor {Re2/rps} as monopolar displacement current as mass equivalence, the Planck Length bounce displacement x = √a.lP = e/c2 for finestructure unification keGo=1 and the Action Law {Action h = ee* Charge2} via mass {m} = h/cx = hc/e = {ec} for {im}monopolar = {ec}monopolar/displacement x

    |mνHiggs-E = mνelectron|mod = me.rps{Re2/rps}/Re = {ah/2πc}|mod = 2.58070199x10-45 kg[m/m]* …[Eq.XII-9]


    rF = 3.451077503x1011 meters for the F-count of (13x6656) = 1.02x10103 spacetime quanta:
    mνHiggs-F = mνmuon=me.rps{rE/rF}/Re = 5.299779196x10-36 kg* or 2.969144661 eV* as Weak Interaction Higgs Mass induction.


    rG = 3.39155805x1011 meters for the G-count of (67x3665) = 9.68x10102 spacetime quanta:
    mνHiggs-G = mνtauon = me.rps{rE/rG}/Re = 5.392786657x10-36 kg* or 3.021251097 eV* as Weak Interaction Higgs Mass Induction.

    The mass difference for the Muon-Tauon-(Anti)Neutrino Oscillation, then defines the Mesonic Inner Ring Higgs Induction: …………..[Eq.XII-10]
    mνHiggs = me.rps{rE/rG - rE/rF}/Re = 9.3007461x10-38 kg* or 0.05210643614 eV* as the Basic Cosmic (Anti)Neutrino Mass.​


    This Higgs-Neutrino-Induction is 'twinned' meaning that this energy can be related to the energy of so termed 'slow- or thermal neutrons' in a coupled energy of so
    twice 0.0253 eV for a thermal equilibrium at so 20° Celsius and a rms-standard-speed of so 2200 m/s from the Maxwell statistical distributions for the kinematics.
    The (anti)neutrino energy at the RE nexus for RE = rps∛(26x6561) m* and for mνHiggs-E = mνelectron = μoe2c2.rps/4πRe2c2 = 30e2λps/2πcRe2 or μo{Monopole GUT masses ec}2rps/4πRe2c2 = 2.982198661x10-3 eV* and for:

    mνElectronc2 = mv(νTauon2)c2 = mν(νMuon2+νHiggs2)c2 = μo{Monopole GUT masses ec}2rps/4πRe2 ……..[Eq.XII-11]​

    This can also be written as mνHiggs-E=mνelectron=mνTauon2 to define the 'squared' Higgs (Anti)Neutrino eigenstate from its templated form of the quantum geometry in the Unified Field of Quantum Relativity (UFoQR).
    Subsequently, the Muon (Anti)Neutrino Higgs Induction mass becomes defined in the difference between the masses of the Tau-(Anti)Neutrino and the Higgs
    (Anti)Neutrino.

    mνTauon = B4G4R4[0]+B2G2R2[-½] = B6G6R6[-½] = √(mνelectron) = √(0.002982) = 0.0546... eV*
    mνHiggs = B4G4R4[0] = meλps.rE{1/rG-1/rF}/(2πRe) ~ 9.301x10-38 kg* or 0.0521... eV*
    mνMuon = B2G2R2[-½] = √(mνTauon2 - mνHiggs2) = √(0.00298-0.00271) = √(0.00027) = 0.0164... eV*
    mνElectron = B2G2R2[-½] = (mνTauon)2= (0.054607...)2 = 0.002982... eV*

    This energy self-state for the Electron (Anti)Neutrino then manifests in the Higgs Mass Induction at the Mesonic Inner Ring or IR as the squared mass differential between two (anti)neutrino self-states as:

    (mν3 + mν2).(mν3 - mν2) = mν32 - mν22 = 0.002981...eV*2 to reflect the 'squared' energy self-state of the scalar Higgs (Anti)Neutrino as compared to the singlet energy eigen state of the base (anti)neutrinos for the 3 leptonic families of electron-positron and the muon-antimuon and the tauon-antitauon.
    The Electron-(Anti)Neutrino is massless as base-neutrino weakon eigenstate and inducted at RE at 0.00298 eV*.
    The Muon-(Anti)Neutrino is also massless as base-neutrino weakon eigenstate and inducted at the Mesonic Ring F-Boundary at 2.969 eV* with an effective Higgsian mass induction of 0.0164 eV*.
    All (anti)neutrinos gain mass energy however when they become decoupled from their host weakon; either a W- for matter or a W+ for antimatter. So as constituents of the weakon gauge for the weak interaction the electron- and muon (anti)neutrinos are their own antiparticles and so manifest their Majorana qualities in the weak interaction. Once emitted into the energy-momentum spacetime however, the monopolar nature from their self-dual GUT/IIB monopole mass [ec]uimd or their energy [ec3=2.7x1016 GeV*]unifiedinmodularduality manifests in their masses. The premise of the older Standard Model for a massless (anti)neutrino so remains valid for them in respect to their Majorana-coupling their lepton partners as the weakon agents in their quantum geometric templates; but is modified for 'free' (anti)neutrinos as Dirac particles.

    The Tauon-(Anti)Neutrino is not massless with inertial eigenstate inducted at the Mesonic Ring G-Boundary at 3.021 eV* and averaged at 3.00 eV* as √(0.05212+0.01642) = 0.0546 eV* as the square root value of the ground state of the Higgs inertia induction. The neutrino flavour mechanism, based on the Electron (Anti)Neutrino so becomes identical in the Weakon Tauon-Electron-Neutrino oscillation to the Scalar Muon-Higgs-Neutrino oscillation.

    The weakon kernel-eigenstates are 'squared' or doubled (2x2=2+2) in comparison with the gluonic-eigenstate (one can denote the colour charges as (R²G²B²)[½] and as (RGB)[1] respectively say and with the [] bracket denoting gauge-spin and RGB meaning colours Red-Green-Blue).


    The scalar Higgs-Anti(Neutrino) becomes then defined in: (R4G4B4)[0] and the Tauon Anti(Neutrino) in (R6G6B6)[½] in doubling of the singular R2G2B2 inflexion points in the UfoQR for odd p Gravitational Interaction GI and even p Electromagnetic Interaction EMI. The GI points define BGR color charges, and the EMI points define RGB color charges for (anti)neutrino generation as a function of the 12 interwoven monopolar current loops (see diagram below).

    The reason as to why no right-handed neutrinos and left-handed antineutrinos manifest in the UfoQR crystallizes in the distribution of the odd and even pi-nodes established in the base templates of the QBBS.

    The Dark Matter agent of the RMP manifests in the 0° - 120°- 180°- 200° interval in the UfoQR and so includes an odd p GI monopolar current coordinate; whilst the Anti-RMP manifests in the     520° - 540° - 600° - 720° interval with 540° as 3p+p/6 in between the odd p GI at 3p and the even p EMI at 4p.

    The Anti-RMP as an Anti-Dark Matter agent is therefore suppressed in that the B2G2R2[-½] Majorana neutrino at 720° flipping into a R2G2B2[+½] Majorana Anti-neutrino at 600° cannot then flip into a Majorana neutrino at the 540° nexus and remains as a Majorana Anti-neutrino at the 520° coordinate to suppress the manifestation of the Anti-RMP M2C2Y2[+1] as the spin induced form of the scalar Anti-Higgs Boson or Anti-HB M2C2Y2[0].

    The right-handed R2G2B2[+½] Majorana Antineutrino so continues to the intersection monopolar current coordinate as the 2p-EMI 3-junction where it meets and merges with a left-handed Majorana Antineutrino which flipped from R2G2B2[+½] Majorana Antineutrino at 0° into a B2G2R2[-½] Majorana Neutrino at 120° before flipping its color charge permutation cyclicity from anticyclic B2G2R2 to cyclic R2G2B2 into a R2G2B2[-½] Majorana Antineutrino at 180° to complete its unified field Weak-Nuclear matter-antimatter interaction in conjunction with the manifested dark matter agency of the RMP[-1] and to create the template for the Higgs Anti-neutrino R2G2B2[-½] + R2G2B2[+½] = R4G4B4[0].



    Neutrino Discrepancies and Higgs Neutrino Oscillation Masses
    ​

    A history of neutrino measurements is described as a reply to a published video by Sabine Hossenfelder from September 21st, 2021



    UFoQR. ​

    The ‘missing’ left-handed Anti-neutrino so is integrated or absorbed by the scalar or sterile Higgs Anti-neutrino with a natural suppression of the scalar or sterile Higgs neutrino by the not manifested RMP[+1] and Anti-HB[0] templates in the UfoQR.

    R2G2B2[+½]-p→B2G2R2[-½]-p→R4G4B4[0]←p-R2G2B2[+½]←p-B2G2R2[-½] across a 4p interval.

    The scalar Higgs-Anti(Neutrino) then is defined in: (R4G4B4)[0] and the Tauon Anti(Neutrino) in (R6G6B6)[½].

    The twinned neutrino state so becomes apparent in a coupling of the scalar Higgs-Neutrino with a massless base neutrino in a (R6G6B6)[0+½]) mass-induction template.

    The Higgs-Neutrino is bosonic and so not subject to the Pauli Exclusion Principle; but quantized in the form of the FG-differential of the 0.0521 Higgs-Restmass Induction.
    Subsequently all experimentally observed neutrino-oscillations should show a stepwise energy induction in units of the Higgs-neutrino mass of 0.0521 eV.
    This was the case in the Super-Kamiokande experiments; and which was interpreted as a mass-differential between the muonic and tauonic neutrino forms.

    mνHiggs + mνelectron = mνHiggs + (mνTauon)2 for the 'squared' ground state of a massless base (anti)neutrino for a perturbation Higgsian (anti)neutrino in (mνTauon)2 = (mνHiggs + Δ)2 = mνElectron for a quadratic mνHiggs2 + 2mνHiggsΔ+ Δ2 = 0.002982 from (mνHiggs + Δ) = √(mνelectron)
    and for a Δ = √(mνelectron) - mνHiggs = mνTauon - mνHiggs = 0.0546 eV - 0.0521 eV = 0.0025 eV.

    mνHiggs + Δ = 0.0521 + 0.0025 = (mνHiggs) + (mνelectron) - 0.00048 = mνtauon = 0.0521+0.00298 - 0.00048 + ... = 0.0546 eV* as a perturbation expression for the 'squared' scalar Higgs (Anti)Neutrino.

    (mνMuon - mνElectron){(mνMuon + mνElectron) - (mνMuon - mνElectron)} = 2mνElectron(mνMuon - mνElectron) as the squared mass difference:
    mνMuon2 - mνElectron2 = 2mνElectron(mνMuon - mνElectron) + (mνMuon - mνElectron)2
    and for mνMuon2 = mνElectron - mνHiggs2 = (0.002982 - 0.00271 = 0.00027) for √(0.00027) = mνMuon = 0.01643 = 5.51 mνElectron .

    {mνMuon2 - mνElectron2} - mνMuon2 + 2mνMuonmνElectron - mνElectron2 = 2mνMuonmνElectron - 2mνElectron2 = 2mνElectron{mνMuon - mνElectron }
    = 2mνElectron2{mνMuon/mνElectron - 1} = 8.892x10-6{11.02-1} = 8.910x10-5, approximating the KamLAND 2005 neutrino mass induction value of 7.997..x10-5 eV2 obtained for a ratio of 11mνElectron = 2mνMuon.

    For 3 (anti)neutrinos then, the cosmological summation lower and upper bounds for (anti)neutrino oscillations are:
    0 + mνelectron-muon + mνelectron-tauon + mνmuon-tauon = 3(0.002982) = 0.00895 eV* or 0.00893 eV [SI] and 3(0.0030+0.0546) = 3(0.0576) = 0.1728 eV* or 0.1724 eV [SI] respectively.
    Inclusion of the scalar Higgs (anti)neutrino as a fourth (anti)neutrino inertial self-state extends this upper boundary by 0.0521 eV* and 0.0520 eV to 0.2249 eV* or 0.2243 eV [SI].

    ∑mν = mνElectron + mνMuon + mνHiggs + mνTauon = 0.002982..+ 0.0164..+ 0.0521..+ 0.0546.. = 0.1261 eV* or 0.1258 eV.

    In terms of the Higgs Mass Induction and so their inertial states, the Neutrinos are their own antiparticles and so Majorana defined; but in terms of their basic magneto charged nature within the Unified Field of Quantum Relativity, the Neutrinos are different from their Antineutrino antiparticles in their Dirac definition of R2G2B2[+½] for the Antineutrinos and in B2G2R2[-½] for the Neutrinos.

    mνHiggs=meλw.rE/(2πrMRe){1/rG-1/rF} ~ 9.3x10-38 kg or 0.052 eV for a scalar blueprint AntiνHiggs = R4G4B4[0] with anti-state νHiggs = B4G4R4[0] and coupling as the Tauon (Anti) Neutrino as
    Antiνtauon = R2G2B2[+½] + R4G4B4[0] = R6G6B6[+½] = Antiνelectron + AntiνHiggs
    and νtauon = B2G2R2[-½] + B4G4R4[0] = B6G6R6[-½] = νelectron + νHiggs

    For a differential equation for Potential Energy: ∇∅ - {μr}2 = 0

    ∇2∅ - {r/Re}2 = 0 = (1/r).∂2/∂r2{r∅} - {r/Re}2.∅ ∂2/∂r2{r∅} = {r/Re}2.(r∅) for a solution
    r∅ = constant.exp[-r/Re] for the Yukawa Potential with μ = 1/Re = 4πεomec2/e2 = 4πme/μoe2

    ∅ = constant.(1/r).exp[-r/Re] ⇒ mec2 = (μoe2c2/4πR).exp[-R/Re] for R/Re = exp[-R/Re

    f(R/Re) = R/Re - exp[-R/Re] = f(x) = x - exp[-x] = 0 with derivative f'(R/Re) = f'(x) = 1 + exp(-x) and xk+1 = xk - f(x)/f'(x) for a Newton-Raphson solution
    xo =½ for x1 = ½ - (-0.10653066)/(1.6065307) = 0.56631100; x2 = 0.56631100 - (-0.00130508243)/(1.56761552) = 0.56714353;
    x3 = 0.56714353 - (0.00000037547)/(1.56714316) = 0.56714330... for R = 0.5671433 Re

    For the potential energy of the electron with effective mass me = μoe2/4πR, the Yukawa potential for the nucleus reduces the classical electron radius to 0.5671433 Re, which approximates the radius of the proton as ½Re but diverges from the proton's charge radius by the factor X approximately.

    We have shown that the sought-after reduction of the classical radius of the electron occurs in the interval from A=½ to A=1 and where the Yukawa potential results in ½XRe or= 0.85838x10-15 m* for the charge radius of the proton at A=1 as precisely half of the reduced monopolar quantum relativistic electron radius at 1.716761063x10-15 m*.
    The Yukawa potential applied to the classical electromagnetic electron in electro stasis so approximates the monopolar quantum relativistic electron in 0.5671433/0.618034 or 91.77%.

    From the Feynman Lecture:
    This function is called the Yukawa potential. For an attractive force, K is a negative number whose magnitude must be adjusted to fit the experimentally observed strength of the forces. The Yukawa potential of the nuclear forces dies off more rapidly than 1/r by the exponential factor. The potential—and therefore the force—falls to zero much more rapidly than 1/r for distances beyond 1/μ, as shown in Fig. 28–6. The “range” of nuclear forces is much less than the “range” of electrostatic forces. It is found experimentally that the nuclear forces do not extend beyond about 10−13 cm, so μ ≈1015 m−1.

    Feynmann3.
    Fig. 28–6.The Yukawa potential e−μr/r, compared with the Coulomb potential 1/r.

    feynmanewton.

    ​
    ​

    The Wave Matter of de Broglie: λdeBroglie = h/p

    ​

    The Wave matter of de Broglie from the Energy-Momentum Relation is applied in a (a) nonrelativistic, a (b) relativistic and a (c) superluminal form in the matter wavelength: λdeBroglie = h/p = hc/pc for (pc) = √{E2 - Eo2}= moc2.√{[v/c]2/(1-[v/c]2)}

    (a) Example:
    A pellet of 10g moves at 10 m/s for a de Broglie wavelength vdB = h/mv = h/0.1 = 6.7x10-33 m*
    This matter wavelength requires diffraction interference pattern of the order of λdB to be observable and subject to measurement

    (b) Example:
    An electron, moving at 80% of light speed 'c' requires relativistic development
    Eo = moc2 with E = mc2 = moc2/√{1-[v/c]2}, a 66.66% increase in the electron's energy describing the Kinetic Energy E - Eo = {m - mo}c2
    for a relativistic momentum p = moc.√{[0.8]2/(1-[0.8]2)} = (1.333..) moc = h/λdeBroglie and for a relativistic de Broglie wavelength, 60% smaller, than for the non-relativistic electron in λdeBroglie = h/1.333..moc < h/0.8moc =λdeBroglie (1.83x10-12 m relativistic and 3.05x10-12 m* non-relativistic for an electron 'Restmass' of 9.11x10-31 kg* and measurable in diffraction interference patterns with apertures comparable to this wave matter scale).

    (c) The de Broglie matter wave speed in its 'group integrated' form derives from the postulates of Special Relativity and is defined in the invariance of light speed 'c' as a classical upper boundary for the acceleration of any mass M. In its 'phase-individuated' form, the de Broglie matter wave is 'hyper accelerated' or tachyonic, the de Broglie wave speed being lower bounded by light speed 'c'

    vphase = wavelength.frequency = (h/mvgroup)(mc2/h) = c2/vgroup > c for all vgroup < c
    m = Energy/c2 = hf/c2 = hc/λdeBrogliec2 = h/λdeBrogliec = mdeBroglie = [Action as Charge2]mod/c(Planck-Length Oscillation) = [e2]mod/clPlanck√alpha = [e2c2/ce]mod = [ec]modular
    as monopole mass of GUT-string IIB and as string displacement current mass equivalent for the classical electron displacement 2Re = e*/c2 = [ec]modular as Wormhole minimum spacetime configuration for the Big Bang Instanton of Big Bang wormhole energy quantum Eps=hfps=mpsc2=kTps as a function of e*=1/Eps of Heterotic superstring class HE 8x8 and relating the Classical Electron Diameter {2Re} as Monopole Mass [ec]mod in mass M=E/c2 modular dual in Curvature Radius rps=λps/2π=2GoMc/c2 ⇒ Gomps/c2 quantum gravitationally.

    The factor 2Go/c2 multiplied by factor 4π is Einstein's Constant κ = 8πGo/c2 = 3.102776531x10-26 m/kg describing how spacetime curvature relates to the mass embedded in that spacetime in the theory of General Relativity coupled to the theory of Quantum Relativity.

    The self-duality of the superstring IIB aka the Magnetic Monopole self-state in GUT Unification 2Re/30[ec]mod = 2Rec2/30[ec3]mod = e*/30[ec3]mod ∝ κ for a proportionality constant {κ*} = 2Re/30κ[ec]mod = 2Re.c2/8πe = e*/8πe =1.2384..x1020 kg*/m* in string units for Star Charge in Star Coulomb C*/Electro Charge in Coulomb C unified.

    The monopolar Grand Unification (SEWG ⇒ sEwG ⇒ gravitational decoupling SEW.G) has a Planck string energy reduced at the IIB string level of e*=[ec3]modular for mpsc2c/[ec]modular = [c3]modular = 2.7x1025 eV* or 4.3362x106 J* for a monopole mass [ec]modular = mmonopole = 4.818x10-11 kg*.

    Mass M = n.mss = Σmss = n.{h/2πrdeBrogliec} .[Ess.e*]mod = n.mps.[Ess.{9x1060}.2π2Rrmp3]mod = n.mps.[Ess.{2Re.c2}]mod = n.[Eps.Ess]mod.[2Re]mod for λdeBroglie=λps=h/mpsc and [Eps.e*]mod =1
    {2Rec2} = 4GoMHyper for the classical electron radius Re=kee2/mec2 and describes its Hyper-Mass MHyper-electron = Rec2/2Go = kee2/2Gome = 1.125x1012 kg* for an effective electron mass of me = kee2/2Go(1.125x1012) =9.290527148x10-31 kg* in string units and where ke = 1/4πεo = [Go]u = [30c]u = 9x109 (Nm2/C2)*.

    The curvature radius for the electron mass me = relectronc2/2Go then becomes relectron = 2Gome/c2 = 2.293957...x10-57 m* in string-membrane inflaton space as 1.44133588x10-34 rps in the wormhole instanton space.

    Re/rinflaton-electron = MHyper-electron/me = 1.2109108..x1042 = ½(EMI/GI) = ½(e2/Go2me2) =½ {e/Gome}2 = ½(2.421821677x1042 ) for the classical electron radius Re halved from the classical electron diameter 2Re from the definition for the modulated supermembrane coupled in EpsEss=h2 and Eps/Ess=fps2=1/fss2.

    Mass M = n.mss = Σmss = n.{mps} .[Ess.e*]mod = n.{mps}[{hfss}.2π2Rrmp3]mod = n.[mpsfss2]mod = n.[hfss/c2] = n.mss

    The classical approach described in the Feynman lecture derives the momentum of a moving electron in deriving the volume element for electromagnetic momentum p=melectromagnetic.v.=memr.v with the component of the electron's motion v parallel gsinθ and a relativistic velocity vrel=vg=v/√{1-[v/c]2} modifying prel=pg/font]

    feynman0. feyn. ​
    ​

    For magnetic field B = vxE/c2 = v.E.sinθ/c2 the momentum density εoExB = εov.E2sinθ/c2 electric energy density Ue=½εoE2 and E=q/(4πεor2) and dV = 2πr2.sinθ.dθ.dr for the spacetime interval from some minimum boundary a to ∞ and with ∫1/r2 dr = |-1/r|[∞,a] = 0- + 1/a = 1/a for a=Re for the waved particle electron

    p = ∫εov(Esinθ/c)2 dV = prel = {2πεovg/c2}{q2/16π2εo2}∫r-2.{sin3 θ.dθ}.dr = {vgq2/8πεoc2}∫r-2.{sin3 θ.dθ}.dr
    = {vgq2/8π.a.εoc2}∫sin3 θ.dθ = {vgq2/8π.a.εoc2}∫{1-cos2θ}sinθ.dθ
    = {vgq2/8π.a.εoc2}|⅓cos3θ -cosθ|[π,0] = {vgq2/8π.a.εoc2} |-⅓+1-⅓+1| = vgq2/6π.a.εoc2 = μovge2/6π.Re
    prel = μovge2/6π.Re for memr = μoge2/6π.Re = {4/3}½me = ⅔me > ½me

    The electromagnetic mass must however be exactly Ue/c2 by the postulates of Relativity and so the classical derivation must be modified in the particle nature of the electron in its associated quantum mechanical nature.

    Using memr = mo = me/2A = μoge2/6π.Re = {4/3}½me = ⅔me defines A=¾ in the (v/c)2 distribution and for a velocity:

    B2={v/c}2 = -⅚±√(19/12) for roots x=0.425 and y=-2.092; with velectron = 0.65189908 c in Um = (½v2)μoe2/4πRe = ½mev2


    {4/3}.Ue/c2 = {4/3}ge2/8π.εoRe c2 = {4/3}½me = {4/3}.Um/c2 = {4/3}.μoge2/8π.Re = {4/3}gke2/e* = {4/3}gke2.hf* = (1-⅓)me for an apparent Restmass ⅔me.
    The corresponding energy level for this mass increase of ⅓me for a velocity of 0.745 c is 2.788x10-14 Joules* or 0.17350 MeV* (0.17307 MeV) for a dynamic mass me.

    The classical electromagnetic mass memr becomes quantum mechanical in the string-brane sourcesink energy E*-Gauge photon quantum of the Quantum Big Bang Weylian wormhole. In particular setting the classical electron radius at (3/2)Re =αh/(2πc.⅔me) = αh/2πcme = 4.1666.x10-15 m* (4.15971430x10-15 m) normalizes the {4/3} factor from the classical derivation of the electromagnetic mass for the electron in the mean value for the A=½ to A=1 interval for the ß2 distribution.

    E* = Eps = hfps = hc/λps = mpsc2 = (me/2e).√[2πGo/αhc] = {me/mP}/{2e√α} = 1/2Rec2 = 1/e* [Eq.XII-12]

    feyncircle.
    ​
    ​

    Expressing the electromagnetic mass in a series perturbation expansion in decreasing the classical electron size so sets a minimum size for the electron at the Weyl boundary or 'Planck-Stoney Bounce' limit at Re in x/c2 = λps/2π for x = rpsc2 = 2GoMHubble = Wormhole Radius of the Instanton of the quantum gravitational Big Bang creation event.

    Modular duality Eps= hfps=1/e* = Energy primary sourcesink quantum as the Weyl wormhole energy then transforms the electron's self- energy in a decomposition or fine structure of the classical electron radius and as 'spacetime awareness' or 'physical consciousness'.
    Spacetime awareness |df/dt| acting on a volume of space in a holographic Weyl Bound conformally maps and integrates the quantum gravitational wormhole of wavelength λps=10-22 m* onto the classical electron radius as: Rwormhole/Relectron = 360/(2π.1010).

    This can be defined as a form of angular acceleration |alpha omega = αω| = |df/dt|e = e*/V* = λps/hc.V* acting on space time volumars or multi-dimensional branes in particle-wave interactions of elementary particles-wavicles. It is so the space occupied and containing dynamical interactions, which render the synthesis of classical physics with quantum mechanics possible; the underpinning nature for those interactions being based on the quantum geometry of the conformal transformations from and to the higher dimensional and open-closed Anti de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes intersecting the lower dimensional and closed de Sitter (dS) spacetimes. {Closed 10D dS - Open AdS 11D Mirror – Closed 12D dS}

    memr = μoge2/6π.Re = {4/3}.Ue/c2 = {4/3}ge2/8π.εoRe c2 = {4/3}½me = {4/3}.Um/c2 = {4/3}.μoge2/8π.Re = {4/3}gkee2/e* = {4/3}gkee2.hf*

    As the electromagnetic mass must however be exactly Ue/c2 by the postulates of Relativity and so the classical derivation must be modified in the particle nature of the electron in its associated quantum mechanical nature.
    A Self-Interaction for the electron in the jerk or time derivative of acceleration d3x/dt3 is naturally found in the definition of the classical size of the electron in the wormhole quantization.
    The self-interaction of the electron then can be considered as a deformation of the size of the electron using both the classical scale of the particular and the quantum mechanical form in the nature of its intrinsic quantum spin in the form of an angular acceleration given as the time derivative of frequency df/dt.

    The extension of Newton's Law in relativistic momentum and energy leads to dprel/dt = d(mogv)/dt = mod(gv)/dt + gvd(mo)/dt = mod(gv)/dt + {gvh/c2}df/dt = mog3.dv/dt + {gvh/c2}df/dt.
    It then is the dynamical interaction of the electron with spacetime itself, that changes the classical volume of the electron as a function of df/dt in the membrane space of 2Rec2=Volume x Angular radially independent acceleration.

    Using this electron self-interaction as a conformal mapping from the Quantum Big Bang 'singularity' from the electric charge in brane bulk space as a magnetic charge onto the classical spacetime of Minkowskian and from the Planck parameters onto the atomic-nuclear diameters in 2Rec2 = e* from the Planck length conformally maps the Planck scale onto the classical electron scale as the classical electron radius and as defined in the alpha electromagnetic fine structure and the related mass-charge definition for the eigen energy of the electron in mec2=kee2/Re.

    The pre-Big Bang 'bounce' of many models in cosmology can be found in a direct link to the Planck-Stoney scale of the 'Grand-Unification-Theories'. In particular it can be shown, that the Square root of Alpha, the electromagnetic fine structure constant, multiplied by the Planck-length results in a Stoney-transformation factor LP√α = e/c2 in a unitary coupling between the quantum gravitational and electromagnetic fine structures.

    Goke=1 for Go=4πεo and representing a conformal mapping of the Planck length onto the scale of the 'classical electron' in superposing the lower dimensional inertia coupled electric charge quantum 'e' onto a higher dimensional quantum gravitational-D-brane magnetopole coupled magnetic charge quantum 'e*' = 2Re.c2 = 1/hfps = 1/EWeyl wormhole by the application of the mirror/T duality of the super membrane EpsEss of heterotic string class HE(8x8).

    Also in a model of quantum relativity (QR), there is a quantization of exactly 1010 wormhole 'singularity-bounce' radii defining the radian-trigonometric Pi ratio as Rwormhole/Relectron = 360/2π.1010 or 1010 = {360/2π}{Re/rwormhole} as a characteristic number of microtubules in a conformal mapping from the classical electron space onto the 'consciousness' space of the neuron-cell intermediate between the Hubble scale of 1026 m and the Planck scale of 10-35 m as geometric mean of 10-4 to 10-5 meters.

    It is so the geometry of the architecture of the microtubules and the nature of their construction utilizing the pentagonal quasi-crystalline pattern in its application for maximizing the compression of information in the Fibonacci geometrical pattern-sequencing. This then results in the conformal mapping of this geometry as a quantum geometry and defining physical consciousness as a conformal mapping of the quantum of spacetime in the form of Weylian 'Quantum Big Bang' wormholes of the cosmogenesis.
    {https://cosmosdawn.net/index.php/en...he-weyl-curvature-hypothesis-of-roger-penrose}

    The 4/3 factor from the classically derived electromagnetic mass appears in the quantum geometry of the subatomic particles, namely in the different quark content for the positively charged proton and the electrically overall neutral neutron, both displaying an internal charge distribution however.

    For the Proton, one adds one (K-IR-Transition energy) and subtracts the electron-mass for the d-quark level and for the Neutron one doubles this to reflect the up-down-quark differential.
    An electron perturbation subtracts one 2-2/3=4/3 electron energy as the difference between 2 leptonic rings from the proton's 2 up-quarks and 2-1/3=5/3 electron energy from the neutron' singular up-quark to relate the trisected nucleonic quark geometric template. This is revisited below.

    Proton mp=u.d.u=K.KIR.K=(939.776+1.5013-0.5205-0.1735) MeV* = 940.5833 MeV* (938.270 MeV).
    Neutron mn=d.u.d=KIR.K.KIR=(939.776+3.0026-1.0410+0.1735) MeV* = 941.9111 MeV* (939.594 MeV).

    This is the ground state from the Higgs-Restmass-Induction-Mechanism and reflects the quarkian geometry as being responsible for the inertial mass differential between the two elementary nucleons. All ground state elementary particle masses are computed from the Higgs-Scale and then become subject to various fine structures.

    But modular string duality defines the Inverse Energy of the wormhole as the quantum of physical consciousness in units of the product of the classical electron diameter and the proportionality between energy and mass in the Maxwell constant c2 = 1/εomo and the inverse of the product between electric permittivity εo=1/120cπ and magnetic permeability μo=120π/c for 'free space' impedance:

    Zo= electric field strength E/magnetic field strength H = √(μo/εo) = cμo = 1/cεo = 120π}.

    Coulomb Electro Charge e = LP.√α.c2 ↔ 2Re.c2 = e* (Star Coulomb Magneto Charge)

    e* = 2Rec2 = 2kee2/me = e2/2πεome = αhc/πme with Alpha-Variation (1.6021119x10-19/1.60217662x10-19)2 = 0.99991921...for the calibration

    {Reme} = μoe2/4π = (2.8179403267x10-15 m)(9.10938356x10-31 kg) = (2.818054177x10-15 m)(9.109015537x10-31 kg) = (10-7)(1.60217662x10-19 C)2 = [2.56696992x10-45].[1.001671358][1.003753127].(0.99991921..) (mkg)*
    = [2.56696992x10-45].[1.002711702]2.[0.99991921...] = 2.580701985x10-45 {mkg}* = (2.77777..x10-15 m*)(9.290527148x10-31 kg*) = μoe2/4π for e=1.606456344x10-19 C*

    for the quantum mechanical electron and adjusted in the [SI/*] alpha variation [mkg/C2] = Alpha Variation αvar in {Reme.αvar}SI = {αvar.μoe2/4π}SI = {Reme}* = {μoe2/4π}*.

    Decreasing the electronic charge quantum from 1.60217662x10-19 C to 1.602111893x10-19 C so calibrates the SI-unitary measurement system with the star based * unitary mensuration system in the alpha variation in a reduced classical electron radius of Re = 2.773142866x10-15 m for an increased electron effective Restmass of me = 9.255789006x10-31 kg or for (Reme) = (μoe2/4π) = 2.566762525x10-45 mkg.



    From Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron
    The electron has no known substructure.[1][75] and it is assumed to be a point particle with a point charge and no spatial extent.[9] In classical physics, the angular momentum and magnetic moment of an object depend upon its physical dimensions. Hence, the concept of a dimensionless electron possessing these properties contrasts to experimental observations in Penning traps which point to finite non-zero radius of the electron. A possible explanation of this paradoxical situation is given below in the "Virtual particles" subsection by taking into consideration the Foldy-Wouthuysen transformation.

    The issue of the radius of the electron is a challenging problem of the modern theoretical physics. The admission of the hypothesis of a finite radius of the electron is incompatible to the premises of the theory of relativity. On the other hand, a point-like electron (zero radius) generates serious mathematical difficulties due to the self-energy of the electron tending to infinity.[76] These aspects have been analyzed in detail by Dmitri Ivanenko and Arseny Sokolov.

    Observation of a single electron in a Penning trap shows the upper limit of the particle's radius is 10−22 meters.[77] Also an upper bound of electron radius of 10−18 meters[78] can be derived using the uncertainty relation in energy.
    There is also a physical constant called the "classical electron radius", with the much larger value of 2.8179×10−15 m, greater than the radius of the proton. However, the terminology comes from a simplistic calculation that ignores the effects of quantum mechanics; in reality, the so-called classical electron radius has little to do with the true fundamental structure of the electron.[79][note 5]

    Note that the defined maximum scale for the electron in the Penning Trap is consistent with the defined size of the wormhole radius rps=10-22/2π meters as minimum spacetime configuration of the Instanton. The 'point particular' electron of Quantum Electrodynamics’ and its point-like particle fields, so crystallizes naturally from the theory of the string-membrane classes. The classical electron radius Re has much to do with the quantum mechanical electron addressed by Richard Feynman in the linked lecture.


    From the Feynman Lecture:
    There is, however, one fundamental objection to this theory and to all the other theories we have described. All particles we know obey the laws of quantum mechanics, so a quantum-mechanical modification of electrodynamics has to be made.
    Light behaves like photons. It is not 100 percent like the Maxwell theory. So, the electrodynamic theory has to be changed. We have already mentioned that it might be a waste of time to work so hard to straighten out the classical theory, because it could turn out that in quantum electrodynamics the difficulties will disappear or may be resolved in some other fashion. But the difficulties do not disappear in quantum electrodynamics.
    That is one of the reasons that people have spent so much effort trying to straighten out the classical difficulties, hoping that if they could straighten out the classical difficulty and then make the quantum modifications, everything would be straightened out. The Maxwell theory still has the difficulties after the quantum mechanics modifications are made.

    The quantum effects do make some changes—the formula for the mass is modified, and Planck’s constant h/2π appears—but the answer still comes out infinite unless you cut off an integration somehow—just as we had to stop the classical integrals at r=a. And the answers depend on how you stop the integrals.
    We cannot, unfortunately, demonstrate for you here that the difficulties are really basically the same, because we have developed so little of the theory of quantum mechanics and even less of quantum electrodynamics. So, you must just take our word that the quantized theory of Maxwell’s electrodynamics gives an infinite mass for a point electron.

    It turns out, however, that nobody has ever succeeded in making a self-consistent quantum theory out of any of the modified theories. Born and Infeld’s ideas have never been satisfactorily made into a quantum theory. The theories with the advanced and retarded waves of Dirac, or of Wheeler and Feynman, have never been made into a satisfactory quantum theory. The theory of Bopp has never been made into a satisfactory quantum theory. So today, there is no known solution to this problem.
    We do not know how to make a consistent theory—including the quantum mechanics—which does not produce an infinity for the self-energy of an electron, or any point charge. And at the same time, there is no satisfactory theory that describes a non-point charge. It is an unsolved problem.

    In case you are deciding to rush off to make a theory in which the action of an electron on itself is completely removed, so that electromagnetic mass is no longer meaningful, and then to make a quantum theory of it, you should be warned that you are certain to be in trouble. There is definite experimental evidence of the existence of electromagnetic inertia—there is evidence that some of the mass of charged particles is electromagnetic in origin.

    It used to be said in the older books that since Nature will obviously not present us with two particles—one neutral and the other charged, but otherwise the same—we will never be able to tell how much of the mass is electromagnetic and how much is mechanical. But it turns out that Nature has been kind enough to present us with just such objects, so that by comparing the observed mass of the charged one with the observed mass of the neutral one, we can tell whether there is any electromagnetic mass. For example, there are the neutrons and protons. They interact with tremendous forces—the nuclear forces—whose origin is unknown. However, as we have already described, the nuclear forces have one remarkable property. So far as they are concerned, the neutron and proton are exactly the same.

    The nuclear forces between neutron and neutron, neutron and proton, and proton and proton are all identical as far as we can tell. Only the little electromagnetic forces are different; electrically the proton and neutron are as different as night and day. This is just what we wanted. There are two particles, identical from the point of view of the strong interactions, but different electrically. And they have a small difference in mass.
    The mass difference between the proton and the neutron—expressed as the difference in the rest-energy mc2 in units of MeV—is about 1.3 MeV, which is about 2.6 times the electron mass. The classical theory would then predict a radius of about ½ to ⅓ the classical electron radius, or about 10-13 cm. Of course, one should really use the quantum theory, but by some strange accident, all the constants—2π’s and h/2π’s, etc.—come out so that the quantum theory gives roughly the same radius as the classical theory.

    The only trouble is that the sign is wrong! The neutron is heavier than the proton.
    Nature has also given us several other pairs—or triplets—of particles which appear to be exactly the same except for their electrical charge. They interact with protons and neutrons, through the so-called “strong” interactions of the nuclear forces. In such interactions, the particles of a given kind—say the π-mesons—behave in every way like one object except for their electrical charge.

    In Table 28–1 we give a list of such particles, together with their measured masses. The charged π-mesons—positive or negative—have a mass of 136.9 MeV, but the neutral πo-meson is 4.6 MeV lighter. We believe that this mass difference is electromagnetic; it would correspond to a particle radius of 3 to 4x10-14 cm. You will see from the table that the mass differences of the other particles are usually of the same general size.

    Feynmann masses. ​

    Now the size of these particles can be determined by other methods, for instance by the diameters they appear to have in high-energy collisions. So, the electromagnetic mass seems to be in general agreement with electromagnetic theory, if we stop our integrals of the field energy at the same radius obtained by these other methods. That is why we believe that the differences do represent electromagnetic mass.
    You are no doubt worried about the different signs of the mass differences in the table. It is easy to see why the charged ones should be heavier than the neutral ones. But what about those pairs like the proton and the neutron, where the measured mass comes out the other way? Well, it turns out that these particles are complicated, and the computation of the electromagnetic mass must be more elaborate for them.
    For instance, although the neutron has no net charge, it does have a charge distribution inside it—it is only the net charge that is zero. In fact, we believe that the neutron looks—at least sometimes—like a proton with a negative π-meson in a “cloud” around it, as shown in Fig. 28–5.

    Although the neutron is “neutral,” because its total charge is zero, there are still electromagnetic energies (for example, it has a magnetic moment), so it is not easy to tell the sign of the electromagnetic mass difference without a detailed theory of the internal structure.

    feynneutron. ​


    The negatively charged pion cloud of Feynman and Yukawa can be substituted by the inner negatively charged mesonic Inner Ring in the quantum geometry of the quarks based on colour charged or chromodynamic double charged kernels surrounded by an Inner Mesonic and an outer Leptonic Ring wave structure asymptotically confined by a magneto charged region known as the classical radius of the electron. The rings are oppositely charged to the kernel quarks. They however remain coupled in the kernel trisection say as the protons udu=K.KIR.K=K(K+IR)K or the neutron's dud=KIR.K.KIR=(IR+K)K(K+IR) except when they experience the electro-weak decays.
     
    Last edited: Mar 18, 2022
    admin, Nov 12, 2021
    #20
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